Igihe kimwe yabaye mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro mu bindi bihugu nka DR Congo, ubu general Abdourahmane Tchiani niwe watangije ikibazo gihanze Africa y’iburengerazuba ayobora coup d’État muri Niger.
Umugabo udakunda kwishyira hanze ndetse kugeza ubu utari uzwi uretse mu bamwegereye, yari umukuru w’ingabo zirinda umukuru w’igihugu kugeza ahiritse ku butegetsi uwo yari ashinzwe kurinda, Perezida Mohamed Bazoum.
Gen Tchiani yahise yiyita umukuru wa Conseil national pour la sauvegarde de la patrie (CSNP) igizwe n’agatsiko k’abasirikare kafashe ubutegetsi tariki 26 z’ukwezi gushize kwa Nyakanga.
Hagati aho kugeza ubu, uwari shebuja afungiye mu rugo rwe.
M. Bazoum yagiye avugana kuri telephone bya hato na hato na bamwe mu bandi bategetsi bo ku isi, ariko n’ubundi aracyari mu kato, we n’umuryango we.
Gen Tchiani, kugeza ubu yanze ubusabe bwose bwo kubahuza. Kenshi yirinda guhura n’intumwa mpuzamahanga, ariko mu cyumweru gishize yameye kwakira uwahoze ari guverineri wa Banki nkuru ya Nigeria, Muhammadu Sanusi.
Naho umunyamabanga wa leta wungirije wa Amerika, Victoria Nuland, wasuye Niger we ntiyabashije kwakirwa n’uyu mu jenerali w’imyaka 62.
Itsinda ry’intumwa z’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Africa y’iburengerazuba (CEDEAO) ryo ntiryanarenze ku kibuga cy’indege.
Ubutumwa bwa kabiri nabwo bugizwe n’abavuye muri CEDEAO, Ubumwe bwa Africa, ndetse na ONU bwari buteganyijwe ejo kuwa gatatu bwarasubitswe nyuma y’uko agatsiko k’abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi bavuze ko atari igihe cyiza cyo guhura nabo.
Gen Tchiani nta gushidikanya ko ari gukora ibyo azwiho, kwitonda no gukora bucece, n’amakenga.
Ku cyumweru ntabwo yari mu ihuriro rinini mu murwa mukuru Niamey ryateguwe n’agatsiko kafashe ubutegetsi.
Amaze kuboneka gatatu kuri televiziyo kuva yafata ubutegetsi nabwo yavuzemo kabiri gusa – inshuro imwe atangaza ko ari we mutegetsi mushya wa Niger, indi nshuro avuga imbwirwaruhamwe ku munsi w’ubwigenge.
Birashoboka cyane ko imwe mu mpamvu ari uko nawe ubwe atabona neza amaherezo y’iki kibazo.
Ese CEDEAO, umuryango Niger yasinyemo amasezerano y’imiyoborere myiza na demokarasi, izabasha kugaba igitero cya gisirikare, nk’uko ivuga ko izabikora?
Cyangwa se izarindira ko ibihano yafatiye Niger bishyira igitutu ku gatsiko kari ku butegetsi? cyane ko mu gihugu hari abatavugarumwe n’ubutegetsi bakomeye, aho gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare za Nigeria n’ibindi bihugu bya CEDEAO.
Perezida wa CEDEAO uriho ubu, Bola Tinubu wa Nigeria, amaze gushimangira ko hakenewe gukoreshwa inzira ya diplomasi, ibitekerezo bishya byo gukemura iki kibazo bishobora kuboneka mu nama kuri cyo izaterana kuwa kane i Abuja muri Nigeria.
Imbere y’ibitarasobanuka, atewe akanyabugabo n’izi coup zagenze neza muri Mali, Burkina Faso na Guinée byabashije kwihagararaho ku gitutu cy’amahanga n’akarere, birasa n’aho Gen Tchiani asa n’uri kugenza macye kugira ngo igihe gitambuke.
Agatsiko akuriye katangaje minisitiri w’intebe, uwo ni uwahoze ari minisitiri w’imari anashinzwe Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere, Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeini, uvuga ko agiye gutegura impinduka muri politike.
Bamwe mu basesenguzi bibaza niba kuvanaho Bazoum, uva mu bwoko nyamucye bw’Abarabu, bidashobora guteza indyane zishingiye ku moko muri Niger. Gusa muri iki gihugu hashize imyaka myinshi hari ubumwe bukomeye bw’abagituye.
Uwahoze ari umukuru w’inyeshyamba wabaye kandi minisitiri, Rhissa ag Boula, yatangaje icyo yise "Conseil de la résistance" kigamije gusubiza M. Bazoum ku butegetsi, yavuze ko biteguye gukora intambara ngo babigereho.
Iyo coup ipfuba aba ari aho shebuja ari ubu
Gutegura guhirika ubutegetsi ni ukwigerezaho, hamwe na hamwe muri Africa ababikoze bigakunda byarabahiriye, ababigerageje bikanga baguye mu kaga, ingero ziriho.
Icyemezo cyo guhirika M.Bazoum cyari ukwigerezaho gukomeye. Iyo bidakunda Tchiani ubu niwe uba afunze.
Ikindi kandi umwanzuro wo guca umubano w’igihe kirekire n’abahoze ari abakoloni babo, Ubufaransa, no gusaba ubufasha abacanshuro ba Wagner b’Ubusuriya nabyo yari indi ntambwe yo kunyuranya na CEDEAO n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, ari nako akina ikarita nziza imbere y’imbaga y’abadashyigikiye Bazoum i Niamey, ni umuvuno wa politiki w’uyu musirikare.
Ubundi ubwe ni muntu ki?
Mu myaka 40 ari umusirikare, Gen Tchiani yatorejwe mu mashuri ya gisirikare muri Senegal, Ubufaransa, Maroc, Mali, na Amerika.
Yakoze kandi mu:
Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro bya ONU muri Côte d’Ivoire, i Darfour muri Sudani, no muri DR Congo
Mu ngabo za CEDEAO muri Côte d’Ivoire
Mu ngabo zihuriweho n’ibihugu bya Niger, Tchad, Nigeria na Cameroun zo kurwanya umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Boko Haram
Bisa n’ibitangaje ko ubu ashobora kurwana n’ingabo za CEDEAO zirimo gutekerezwa ko zakoherezwa gusubizaho ubutegetsi bwa Bazoum.
Gen Tchiani yoherejwe kandi mu mirimo itandukanye ya gisirikare muri Niger, ariko ntiyoherejwe kurwanya imitwe y’abahezanguni ubu iteje akaga igihugu cye na Mali, Burkina Faso na Benin bituranye mu karere ka Sahel.
Hari ikintu kigaruka imbere y’ibindi mu buzima bwe bwa gisirikare.
Kugeza ubwo yazamurwaga akagirwa umukuru w’abarinda perezida mu 2011, yaba hanze cyangwa mu gihugu cye, yari atarafata umwanya wo hejuru muri ‘commandement’ utuma akorana bya hafi n’abategetsi ba gisivile n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga ku bibazo bya politike cyangwa ibya dipolomasi bikomeye.
Umusirikare w’abasirikare’
Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 62 igihe cyose yari “umusirikare w’abasirikare”, yoherejwe mu nshingano za gisirikare gusa zidafitanye isano itaziguye n’isura rusange ya politike.
Yewe na nyuma y’uko uwari perezida Mahamadou Issoufou, uwo Bazoum yasimbuye, amugize umukuru w’ingabo zirinda perezida, Tchiani yakomeje kuba umugabo ucecetse, uvuga gacye.
Ntiyigeze aza mu biganiro bya rubanda cyangwa bya politike ku buryo nyabwo bwo guhashya ikibazo cy’imitwe y’aba- ‘djihadistes’ yitwaje intwaro yugarije iki gihugu. Imwe mu mpamvu yatanze yo bahiritse Bazoum ko iki cyamunaniye.
Umwizerwa cyane, wumvikana gacye, bisa n’aho Tchiani ari umuntu urinda cyane ubuzima bwe bwite, ndetse utari uzwi neza n’abakuru b’ibihugu yari ashinzwe kurinda.
Mu byumweru bya mbere yo kumuhirika, byari bizwi ko imibanire ye na M.Bazoum, inshuti y’igihe kirekire ya M.Issoufou, itari iya hafi, ndetse hari impuha ko perezida ashobora kumushyira mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru.
Kumuvana ku mwanya we, ku myaka isanzwe yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, bishobora kuba byari bigoye kwakira kuri uyu mugabo wazamutse mu ntera mu myaka 40 akagera kuri jenerali yaratangiye ari umusirikare muto usanzwe.
Gen Tchiani ava mu bwoko bwa Haoussa bwa nyamwishi, akomoka mu karere ka Tillabéri, ahazwi kuva abasirikare benshi nubwo atava mu gace neza neza kazwiho kuvamo abasirikare n’abanyapolitike bakomeye.
M.Bazoum nawe akomoka mu gace k’abantu baciriritse, gusa n’ubwo aba bagabo bombi badakomoka mu miryango ikomeye bari bahuriye kuri iki ntabwo babashije gukorana neza nk’uko Tchiani yakoranye na Issoufou.
Ubu rero nyuma y’imyaka myinshi atari mu mboni za rubanda, Gen Tchiani ari hagati y’ikibazo gikomeye cya politike n’impagarara agomba gukemura mu gihugu cye.
Kugeza ubu arimo kwifashisha abakoranye nawe neza mu myaka myinshi ye mu gisirikare, ndetse yigaruriye imitima y’abanya-Niger benshi mu guca umubano n’Ubufaransa, ibizamufasha no guhangana n’igitutu cya CEDEAO ashyigikiwe na benshi mu gihugu.
Gusa mu minsi iri imbere byitezwe ko azahura n’ingaruka z’ibihano bikaze bishobora guteza izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibyangombwa mu gihugu bikagora umuturage usanzwe, iki ni ikibazo cya mbere gikomeye politike ye ituje ishobora guhura nacyo mu gihugu mu gihe kiri imbere.
BBC
