Mu myaka ibiri ishize, Tahsha Renee yari ahagaze mu gikoni cy’iwe ubwo yiyumvise mu mubiri ashaka kuvuza induru ikomeye iva imbere mu bihaha bye.
“Rwose iteka umujinya ni ikintu kinzamo mu buryo bworoshye,” ni Tahsha ubivuga. Gusa ibi byari nk’ikintu yari yiyumvisemo mbere. Yari mu kangaratete k’umujinya kandi yumvaga abirambiwe. Yakoresheje iminota 20 yari ishize azunguruka inzu ye akoresha ijwi atondagura buri kintu cyamurakaje.
Gusa nyuma yo kuvuza iyo nduru, yumvise asa n’utoye akuka aruhutse. Tahsha uyu, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ndetse n’umwigisha w’iby’ubuzima, kuva icyo gihe agenda ahuriza abagore bava mu mpande enye isi yose hamwe kuri zoom ngo baganire kuri buri kintu kibatera kurakara hanyuma bakavuza induru.
Nk’uko isesengura ryakozwe na BBC ry’imyaka 10 y’imibare iva mu mibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashashatsi cya Gallup cyabukoze ku isi yose, abagore barakomeza kongera ukurangwa n’uburake.
Buri mwaka, ubushakashatsi busa n’amatora bukorerwa ku bantu 120.000 mu bihugu bisaga 150 aho bimwe mu byo babazwa, ari ibihe byiyumviro bagize igihe kirekire ku munsi wabanje.
Iyo haje ikibazo cy’intekerezo by’umwihariko umujinya, agahinda, umujagararo w’ubwonko (stress), n’umuhangayiko (anxiety), abagore akenshi bazwiho ko ibi bitekerezo bibazamo kurusha abagabo.
Isesengura rya BBC ryavumbuye ko guhera mu mwaka wa 2012 abagore benshi biruseho kurusha abagabo bagaragaweho kugira agahinda n’akababaro n’umuhangayiko, nubwo ku b’ibitsina byose, imibare y’abafite ibyo bibazo bagenda biyongera ku muvuduko munini.
Ku kibazo cy’uburakari n’agahinda nubwo bimeze butyo, icyuho kiri hagati y’abagabo n’abagore kiragenda kigabanuka. Mu mwaka wa 2012, ibitsina byombi byagaragaweho uburakari no kujagarara k’ubwonko (stress) ku kigero kimwe.
Imyaka icyenda nyuma y’aho, imibare iragaragaza ko abagore barakara kurusha abagabo- ku kinyuranyo cy’icyenda ku ijana- ndetse kandi umusonga wo mu mutwe uva ku bitekerezo byinshi na wo ni mwinshi mu bagore kurusha abagabo. Ikindi rero, ikinyuranyo cyiyongereyeho gato kurushaho mu bihe bya Covid-19.
Ibi ntibitangaza Sarah Harmon, inzobere mu buvuzi yo muri Amerika. Mu ntango z’umwaka wa 2021, yahurije hamwe itsinda ry’abakiriya b’igitsina gore ngo bahagarare ahantu hamwe mu murima maze bavuze induru.
“Njye ndi nyina w’abana babiri. Nakoraga akazi mu rugo ariko imirerere yahoo yari iteshamutwe cyane, ku kigero cyo hasi ku buryo yakomezaga kumara umujinya,” ni ko avuga.
Sarah yizera ko yinjiye mu kintu abagore abagore ahantu hose biyumvagamo, guhangayikira cyane ko umutwaro w’icyorezo cya Covid utagiraga ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe.
Ubushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 2020 bwakorewe ku babyeyi 5.000 ku isano y’ibitsina bitandukanye mu gihugu cy’Ubwongereza, n’ikigo Cyigisha iby’Imari, bwerekanye ko abagore bafashe inshingano zo mu ngo mu gihe cyo kuba mu rugo kurusha abapapa. Bityo, amasaha yabo y’akazi yaragabanutse.
Ibi ni na ko byagenze ku bantu bari basanzwe binjiza menshi kurusha abandi mu ngo.
Muri bimwe mu bihugu bitandukanye mu mubare w’abagore n’abagabo bavuga ko bumvise umujinya ku munsi wabanje ni munini kurutaho kurusha uko bisanzwe bimeze ku mpuzandengo mpuzamahanga.
Mu gihugu cya Cambodge, ikinyuranyo cyari 17% mu 2021 mu gihe mu Buhinde na Pakistan cyari 12%.
Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, Dr. Lakshmi Vijayakumar yemera koi bi ari ingaruka z’amakimbirane yavutse kuyko abagore benshi kurushaho ubu muri ibi bihugu bize, bakaba ubu bakora akazi bahemberwa ku kwezi bakaba aria bantu bigenga mu by’ubukungu. Ati “Muri icyo gihe rero, bahujwe n’imimerere yak era, yari isanzwe izwiho ko ari iy’abagabo ndetse n’umuco.”
“Urababona abagabo baruhutse, bakajya mu tubari gufata kamwe, batumura no ku gatabi. Ni mu gihe abagore baba bahihibikana biruka bajya ku byapa bafatiraho za bisi [za shirumuteto]. Baba batekereza icyo bateka. Abagore benshi batangira gukata imboga iyo bagarutse mu rugo. Hambere, nk’uko akomeza abivuga, ntibyafatwaga nk’ikintu gikwiriye ku bagore kuvuga ko barakara, gusa ibi biragenda bihinduka. “Ubu rero hari ubushobozi bwo kuvuga icyo batekereza n’uko biyumva.
Urutonde rw’Abagore 100 rwa BBC nuri mwaka rutangazwaho abagore 100 bavuga rikijyana ku isi hose. Uyu mwaka rurita runubaha iterambere ryagezweho uhereye ku rutonde rwasohotse bwa mbere, mu myaka 10 ishize, bityo BBC yasabye Savanta ComRes kubaza abagore mu bihugu 15 ugereranije n’ubu ndetse na 2012.
Nibura hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’abagore babajijwe muri buri kimwe muri ibi bihugu bavuga ko bumva bafite ububasha buruseho bwo kwifatira imyanzuro yabo ku mikoreshereze y’amafaranga kurusha uko byari mu myaka 10 ishize.
Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ababajijwe muri buri gihugu usibye USA na Pakistani bumva byoroshye kuganira ku gikorwa mpuzabitsina hagati yabo n’abo bagikorana.
Mu bihugu byinshi, hafo ya kimwe cya gatatu cy’abagore babajijwe bavuze ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zagize inyungu mu buzima bwabo nubwo muri USA n’Ubwongereza uyu mubare uri mu nsi ya 50%.
Mu bihugu 12 muri 15, 40% cyangwa kurutaho by’abagore bavugishijwe bavuga ko ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo byabo ari ikintu mu buzima bwabo bwateyemo intambwe yisumbuyeho mu myaka 10 ishize.
46% by’ababajijwe muri USA bumva ko bigoye kurushaho ku bagore gukuramo inda mu nzira zidashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga kurusha uko byari mu myaka 10 iheruka.
Ingaruka icyorezo cya Covid-19 zagize ku mirimo y’abagore na zo ubwo zishobora kugira ingaruka.
Mbere y’umwaka wa 2020 hari ugutera imbere kutihuta ku byerekeye kuba abagore na bo bakora imirimo y’ingufu, nk’uko Ginette Azcona, umuhanga muri siyansi y’imibare [data] mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bagore (UN Women).
Uyu mwaka umubare w’abagore bakora imirimo bikekwa ko yagabanutse ikajya hasi y’uko ikigero cyayo cyari mu mwaka wa 2019 mu bihugu 169.
“Dufite isoko ry’umurimo ritubaha uburinganire bw’igitsina gabo na gore,” ni ko umwanditsi ku bibazo by’abagore uba muri Amerika, Soraya Chemaly, wanditse ku mujinya n’uburakari mu gitabo cye cyo mu 2019 ‘Rage Becomes Her’, abivuga.
Abona ibintu byinshi bibaho bijyanye n’icyorezo cya Covid biba mu nganda z’imirimo ziyoborwa n’abagore nk’urwo kwita ku bantu (care).
“Ni umurimo mubi kandi wishyurwa nabi. Aba bantu [bakora muri izi nganda] bagira imijinya ku kigero cyo hejuru,” ni ko asobanura.
"Ni kazi mbaya na inayolipwa vibaya. Watu hawa huwa na viwango vya juu vya hasira.
Gallup buri mwaka ikora ubushakashatsi ku bantu barenga 120.000 mu bihugu n’uduce 150, bahagararira abarenga 90% by’abantu bose ku isi, ikoresheje ibipimo (samples) zitoranywa kuri tombola gusa n’ababa bahagaririye buri gihugu.
Uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ubu bushakashatsi bushyirwa hanze buba bushingiyeho bikorwa amaso ku maso cyangwa kuri telefoni. Ibiva muri ubu bushakashatsi bitandukana bitewe n’igihugu n’ikibazo kibazwa. Iyo ibice by’ibipimo bibaye bito, ni urugero ugabanijemo abantu ibisubizo ushingiye ku gitsina cy’ababazwa, amakosa ashobora kuba menshi kurushaho.
Fidele Samson Iradukunda
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