Isi iracyumiwe kubera igitero kitari cyarigeze kibaho mbere cy’abagabo bitwaje imbunda bo muri Hamas, cyo ku itariki ya 7 y’uku kwezi kw’Ukwakira (10), ndetse n’ibitero byakurikiyeho byo kwihorera bya Israel hamwe n’igitero cyitezwe cyo ku butaka cya Israel cy’imbere muri Gaza.
BBC dukesha iyi nkuru yakiriye ibibazo bibarirwa mu magana bijyanye n’iyi ntambara, ingaruka zayo ndetse n’ahantu ishobora kurangirira, abantu benshi babaza niba ibindi bihugu bizinjira muri iyi ntambara.
Abanyamakuru ba BBC benshi ubu bari muri ako karere, basubije bimwe mu bibazo byabajijwe na benshi bikurikira:
Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho Intambara ya Gatatu y’Isi ?
Craig Johnson, wo mu mujyi wa Skelmersdale mu Bwongereza, arabaza: Niba Iran igiye mu ntambara mu buryo butaziguye, ibyo byatuma Amerika n’inshuti zayo na bo binjira mu ntambara mu buryo butaziguye? Ibyo bishobora gutuma habaho intambara ya gatatu y’isi ?
Jeremy Bowen, umwanditsi mukuru mpuzamahanga wa BBC, urimo gutara amakuru mu majyepfo ya Israel, arasubiza:
Ubwo yari abajijwe niba bishoboka ko Iran cyangwa Hezbollah, inshuti yayo yo muri Liban, ishobora kwinjira mu ntambara, Perezida w’Amerika Joe Biden yasubije ati: "Wibikora."
Abanyamerika bohereje mu burasirazuba bw’inyanja ya Mediterane amato abiri y’intambara agwaho indege, mu guha ubutumwa bukomeye cyane Iran bwo kuzibukira (kutivanga).
Barimo kuvuga ko niba hari umuntu uwo ari we wese winjiye mu ntambara, azahahurira n’imbaraga z’igisirikare cy’Amerika, atari iz’igisirikare cya Israel gusa.
Kimwe mu biteye impungenge zikomeye mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ni Amerika n’inshuti zayo, n’Abanya-Iran n’inshuti zabo.
Impande zombi zizi ibyago bihari. Ivuye ku kuba intambara y’ubutita hagati y’izo mpande igahinduka intambara yeruye, yakwatsa umuriro ukaze watwika Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati ukagira ingaruka zikomeye ku isi.
Amerika yimuye ubwato bw’intambara bwa mbere bunini cyane ku isi bugwaho indege, bwitwa Gerald R Ford, ibwegereza Israel
Intego ya Israel ni iyihe ?
Luciano Sisi, wo mu karere ka Scottish Borders ko muri Scotland (Écosse), arabaza: Intego rusange ya Israel mu ntambara yo ku butaka yatangaje, ni iyihe?
Lyse Doucet, umunyamakuru mukuru mpuzamahanga wa BBC, uri mu majyepfo ya Israel, arasubiza:
Mu ntambara zo mu gihe cyashize, Israel yasezeranyije "gukubita Hamas bikomeye", gusenya ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurasa ibisasu bya rokete muri Israel - harimo n’imiyoboro minini y’urusobe inyura munsi y’ubutaka.
Kuri iyi nshuro biratandukanye. Israel irimo gusezeranya "gusenya Hamas" - umutwe ivuga ko ukwiye kurimburwa, nk’umutwe wiyita Leta ya Kisilamu (IS).
Israel ifite imbaraga za gisirikare zo gusenya ibikorwa-remezo bya Hamas, gusenya imiyoboro yayo, guca intege ubuyobozi bwayo n’inzego z’ubugenzuzi.
Ariko ntibizwi ingano y’ibyo Israel izi ku biyitegereje muri Gaza. Ubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa Hamas, burimo no gusobanukirwa mu buryo bwimbitse inzego z’umutekano za Israel, bwatumye ishobora kuba inyaryenge kubarusha imenera mu bwirinzi bwa Israel, bituma Abanya-Israel bagwa mu kantu.
Birashoboka ko Hamas izaba ifite ubuhanga nk’ubwo igihe izaba ihanganye n’icyo izi ko kibaza ari igitero gikaze cyane cya Israel.
Kandi bitandukanye n’umutwe wa IS, Hamas ni n’umutwe wa politiki kandi ujyanye n’imibereho, ushinze imizi muri sosiyete ya Palestine.
Igitero cya gisirikare gishobora gusenya imiterere yayo mu by’ubushobozi, ariko gukomeza umutsi kw’abaturage biyemeje gupfira ibyo baharanira, gushobora ahubwo kurushaho gukomera.
Hamas yari ifite iyihe ntego mu gitero cyayo ?
Andrew Parker wo mu Bwongereza, arabaza: Intego ya Hamas mu gitero cyayo cyo mu ntangiriro yari iyihe?
Frank Gardner, umunyamakuru wa BBC ku mutekano, arasubiza:
Impamvu yatanzwe icyo gihe n’umuvugizi wa Hamas, Mohammed Al-Deif, yari uko "irambiwe".
Yavuze ko icyo gitero cyari ukwihorera ku cyo Hamas yise ubushotoranyi no gukozwa isoni bihoraho ku Banya-Palestine bikorwa n’Abanya-Israel, haba muri Gaza no muri West Bank.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko hashobora kuba hari izindi mpamvu zitatangajwe.
Mbere y’icyo gitero, Israel na Saudi Arabia (Arabie Saoudite) bari bakataje (bageze kure) mu nzira yerekeza ku kugirana umubano mwiza.
Ibyo byamaganwe na Hamas na Iran iyishyigikiye. Abanya-Arabie Saoudite ubu babaye bahagaritse ibyo biganiro.
Ariko bishoboka ko hari hari ikindi kirenze ibyo.
Ubuyobozi bwa Hamas bugomba kuba bwarabonye gucikamo ibice muri sosiyete ya Israel kwatewe n’amavugurura yo mu rwego rw’ubucamanza yazanywe na guverinoma y’ubuhezanguni ya Minisitiri w’intebe Benjamin Netanyahu.
Hamas yashakaga gukubita ikababaza Israel - kandi ibyo yabigezeho.
Kuki Misiri igikomeje gufunga inzira ?
Diana wo mu Bwongereza, arabaza: Abayisilamu bavuga ku kuba umuryango (umwe) n’ubuvandimwe bwo muri Islam. Ni gute Abayisilamu bo mu Misiri bashobora gusobanura gukomeza gufunga umupaka wabo na Gaza ?
Jeremy Bowen, umwanditsi mukuru mpuzamahanga BBC, urimo gutara amakuru mu majyepfo ya Israel, arasubiza:
Islam ni ukwemera ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze irenga politiki y’umutekano w’igihugu.
Ndabizi ko Abayisilamu b’Abanya-Misiri babarirwa muri za miliyoni bashaka koroshya akababaro k’abasivile muri Gaza.
Ariko guverinoma ya Misiri, no mu bihe by’ituze, ntabwo yemera kugera by’akamenyero mu nzira ya Rafah ku bavuye muri Gaza. Misiri yabaye umufatanyabikorwa muto mu buryo bwa mbere yaho bwa Israel bwo kugota Gaza, kuva Hamas yafata ubutegetsi muri Gaza mu mwaka wa 2007.
Hamas ifite inkomoko muri Muslim Brotherhood, umuryango washingiwe mu Misiri mu myaka 100 ishize. Brotherhood ishaka guha iforoma nshya za leta na sosiyete mu buryo bujyanye n’inyigisho ya kisilamu n’imyemerere ya kisilamu.
Igisirikare cya Misiri nticyemera uko gushaka kwayo. Mu 2013 cyahiritse Perezida wari watowe wo muri uwo muryango.
Ubutegetsi bwa Misiri buriho muri iki gihe, bufitanye umubano na Hamas, ndetse mu gihe cyashize bwabaye umuhuza hagati ya Hamas na Israel. Ariko ntibushaka ko impunzi z’Abanya-Palestine zihaza ku bwinshi.
Inkambi zo muri Gaza ziracyariho nyuma y’imyaka 75 zishinzwe ngo zakire impunzi - zirukanwe na Israel yari imaze kubona ubwigenge - zitarigera na rimwe zemererwa gusubira iwabo.
Hamas yakoze icyaha cyo mu ntambara ?
Simon wo mu Bwongereza arabaza: Ku isi hasohowe urwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo guta muri yombi Putin. Kuki atari uko byagenze ku buyobozi bwa Hamas? Iki nticyari icyaha cyo mu ntambara cyo ku kigero kinini cyane ?
Paul Adams, umunyamakuru wa BBC ku bibazo byo ku isi, arasubiza:
Israel ntabwo yifataga ko iri mu ntambara na Hamas mbere y’itariki ya 7 Ukwakira (10), nubwo mbere hagiye habaho ubushyamirane bwo guhera mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Kuri Israel, iki cyari igikorwa cy’iterabwoba, si intambara.
Guverinoma ya Minisitiri w’intebe Benjamin Netanyahu irimo gushakisha ubutabera mu buryo bwayo bwite, ndetse yamaze kwica ba komanda nibura babiri ba Hamas ifata ko ari bo bo kuryozwa ubwicanyi.
Ntagushidikanya ko izagerageza kwica abandi benshi.
Hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bijyanye n’ubuyobozi bw’uwo muryango - buba muri Qatar na Lebanon (Liban) - bamwe bavuga ko butari buzi gahunda z’ishami rya gisirikare ryawo zo gutera imbere muri Israel.
Kuki UN nta cyo iri gukora ku bitero byo mu kirere ?
Sadul Hoque w’i London arabaza: Niba buri muntu wese yemera ko Israel ikomeje kwica abasivile kandi ko izica abandi benshi muri ibi bitero, kuki Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU/UN) n’ibindi bihugu bitarimo kugira icyo bibikoraho ?
James Landale, umunyamakuru wa BBC kuri diplomasi, aratanga iki gisubizo:
Impamvu y’ingenzi ituma ibihugu byinshi bitarimo gushishikariza Israel kureka ibitero by’indege byayo, ni uko byemera ko iki gihugu cyatewe na Hamas kandi kikaba gifite uburenganzira bwo kwirwanaho.
Aho birimo gushishikariza kwigengesera, ni ku buryo Israel yirwanaho.
Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza Rishi Sunak, mu gitondo cyo ku wa mbere yagize ati: "Nabwiye Minisitiri w’intebe wa Israel ko hacyenewe kugabanya ingaruka ku basivile mu buryo bushoboka bwose."
UN na yo yashishikarije Israel kwirinda ko hari abasivile bakomereka cyangwa bicwa.
Mu minsi micye ishize, umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN António Guterres yagize ati: "Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu n’amategeko ajyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu agomba kubahirizwa no gushyigikirwa; abasivile bagomba kurindwa kandi ntibakoreshwe na rimwe nk’uburyo bwo kwikingira [mu ntambara]."
Israel ishimangira ko indege zayo z’intambara hamwe n’imbunda za rutura birimo kurasa kuri Hamas muri Gaza. Ariko abasivile benshi na bo rwose barimo kwicwa ndetse abandi bagakomereka muri ibyo bitero.
Abanya-Palestine bavuga ko ibyo biterwa nuko ibitero bya Israel birimo gukoresha imbaraga z’umurengera kandi ntibirobanure. Israel ivuga ko ibyo biterwa nuko Hamas ikoresha abasivile nk’abantu bo kwikingaho.
Ni gute Israel itamenye igitero cya Hamas ?
Umusomyi utatangaje izina rye arabaza: Ni gute bishoboka ko igisirikare cya Israel gifite amakuru y’ubutasi ahagije kikamenya neza aho Hamas iri muri Gaza, ariko kikaba kitari kizi ko Hamas yari igiye gutera Israel cyangwa ntikibone ibimenyetso biburira ko hagiye kuba igitero ?
Yolande Knell, umunyamakuru wa BBC mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, uri i Yeruzalemu, arasubiza:
Mu gihe cyashize, igisirikare cya Israel cyafunguye ikigo cyacyo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’ubutasi kuri Gaza, abanyamakuru bakigeramo, kandi biraboneka ko gifite amakuru nyayo yo muri ako kanya ku ngendo zo ku butaka, atangwa n’indege nto zitarimo umupilote (zizwi nka drones) n’izindi ’cameras’.
Kinafite uruhuri rw’abantu bagiha amakuru.
Mu mirwano yo mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi (5) n’umutwe wa Islamic Jihad, twabonye ukuntu amakuru ya Israel aba ari nyayo ku bijyanye no kumenya ahantu nyirizina abayobozi b’intagondwa bashobora kuba bari.
Mu biganiro, abategetsi bo mu gisirikare cya Israel bemera ko hari ibyo bananiwe byinshi bijyanye n’ubutasi n’umutekano kuri iki gitero cya Hamas cyo ku rwego rutari rwarigeze rubaho mbere, cyiciwemo abantu.
Ariko dushobora gushingira ku kuba gifite urutonde nyakuri, rurerure rw’ahantu kizatera hari Hamas, ubwo kibaza kikimara kwinjira muri Gaza.
Hezbollah yagereranywa gute na Hamas ?
Hirya mu majyaruguru ya Gaza, ubushyamirane burimo kwiyongera hagati ya Liban na Israel. Umusomyi umwe arashaka kumenya: Niba Liban ibijemo, imbaraga za Hezbollah zingana gute ugereranyije na Hamas ?
Hugo Bachega, umunyamakuru wa BBC urimo gutara amakuru mu majyepfo ya Liban, arasubiza:
Hezbollah - umutwe wa gisirikare, wa politiki kandi ukora n’ibijyanye n’imibereho wo muri Liban - umaze igihe kirekire ubonwa na Israel nk’ufite imbaraga nyinshi cyane kurusha Hamas.
Uyu mutwe ufite intwaro nyinshi ushyigikiwe na Iran, ufite ibisasu bya rokete na misile bigereranywa ko bigera ku 130,000, nkuko bitangazwa n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cyitwa ’Center for Strategic and International Studies’, cyo muri Amerika.
Nyinshi muri zo ni intwaro ntoya, zitwarwa n’umuntu ku giti cye, hamwe n’ibisasu by’imbunda za rutura birasirwa ku butaka byoherezwa mu kirere.
Ariko harimo na misile zirasa indege n’izirasa amato y’intambara, hamwe na misile ziboneza aho zoherejwe zishobora kurasa imbere kure muri Israel.
Ibi birimo ubuhanga bwinshi kurusha ibyo Hamas ifite.
Umukuru wa Hezbollah yavuze ko ifite abarwanyi 100,000, nubwo igereranya ryigenga rivuga ko umubare wabo uri hagati ya 20,000 na 50,000. Benshi baratojwe bikomeye kandi bamenyereye urugamba, ndetse barwanye mu ntambara yo muri Syria.
Hamas, tubigereranyije, ifite abarwanyi bagereranywa ko bagera ku 30,000, nkuko Israel ibivuga.
BBC
