Iyo Coup d’etat yageragejwe muri Benin mu cyumweru gishize iyo igera ku ntego yayo, ubu iba ari iya cyenda ibaye muri ako karere mu myaka itanu ishize.
Nyuma y’iminsi mike gusa abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi muri Guinée-Bissau mu gihe igikorwa cyo kubarura amajwi y’ibyavuye mu matora ya perezida cyari kigikomeje, abayobozi b’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengarazuba (Ecowas), ku cyumweru bemeje ko igeragezwa ryo guhirika ku butegetsi Perezida wa Benin Patrice Talon, byari igikorwa gikomeye cyari guhungabanya umutekano.
Abifashijwemo na guverinoma ye, indege z’intambara za Nigeria zateye ibisasu ku basirikare bari bigometse, ubwo bari kuri televiziyo na radiyo by’igihugu ndetse no ku kigo cya gisirikare kiri hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege i Cotonou, umujyi wa mbere munini.
Ecowas yahise itangaza ko yohereje ingabo zirwanira ku butaka ziturutse mu bihugu bya Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire ndetse na Sierra Leone kugira ngo zikomeze kurinda itegeko nshinga.
Aka ni ko karere kashegeshwe n’ama coup d’etat yakomeje kugenda yisubiramo kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, ndetse no mu mezi 10 ashize ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwagiyeho binyuze muri coup d’état mu bihugu bya Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger bwikuye burundu mu muryango w’ibihugu bya Ecowas - umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba, ibyo bihugu bikaba byari ibinyamuryango mu myaka 50 ishize.
Rero, bahanganye n’uko hari indi guverinoma y’abasivili yashoboraga guteshwa agaciro n’abasirikare batishimiye ubutegetsi, abaperezida b’ibihugu bisigaye bigize Ecowas bahise bafata umwanzuro w’uko igerageza ryo guhirika ubutegetsi muri Cotonou ridashobora kwemererwa kugira icyo rigeraho.
Mu gihe byagaragaraga ko hari amahirwe yo kongera guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisivili bikozwe n’abasirikare batabwishimiye, abakuru b’ibihugu bisigaye muri Ecowas bahise bafata umwanzuro ko igeragezwa rya coup d’etat y’ i Cotonou ritagomba kugerwaho.
Kwigira ku makosa yabaye mbere
Nyuma yo guhashya ibitero byabaye mu rukerera, ku rugo rwa Perezida Talon ndetse no ku biro bye, ingabo za leta zari zamaze kongera kugenzura ibice byo hirya no hino mu mujyi ndetse zinafunga akarere gakorerwamo n’ibiro bya leta.
Ariko byari bigoye guhashya aba basirikare bari bigometse bari banerekanye ko biteguye gukoresha ingufu z’umurengera batitaye ku basivili.
Mu gusubiza kuri ibyo, Perezida wa Nigeria Bola Tinubu, umuturanyi wo mu burasirazuba bwa Benin akaba ari na we ufite ingabo zikomeye kurusha izindi muri ako karere, yemeje ibyo bitero byo mu kirere, mu gihe abandi bakuru b’ibihugu byo muri Ecowas bafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza ingabo zo ku butaka kuri uwo munsi.
Kuri iki cyemezo cyafashwe mu buryo bwihuse, Ecowas ishobora kuba yarigiye amasomo akomeye ku buryo yitwaye nabi muri coup d’état yabaye muri Niger mu mwaka wa 2023.
Icyo gihe ntiyari yiteguye gutabara mu buryo bwa gisirikare mu masaha yakurikiye ifatwa ry’umukuru w’igihugu watowe n’abaturage Mohamed Bazoum, wari wafunzwe n’abari bayoboye iyo coup d’état – byari gukunda ko ibyo bihagarikwa iyo habaho igitero mu buryo bwihuse cy’aba komando kigamije kumurokora ndetse no kurinda inyubako z’ingenzi.
Nubwo ibirego byatanzwe kuri Talon n’abashatse guhirika ubutegetsi ubwo bagaragaraga kuri televiziyo y’igihugu bisangiwe na benshi, nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyerekanye ko hari abaturage bashyigikiye umugambi wabo wo gukuraho ubutegetsi ku ngufu.
Mu minsi yashize, abayobozi babiri bakuru ba gisirikare barashimuswe ubwo ku cyumweru hageragezwaga coup d’état itarageze ku ntego yayo, gusa ubu bararokowe, ariko inzego z’umutekano ziracyashakisha uwari umuyobozi w’iyi coup d’état Lt Col Pascal Tigri ndetse n’abandi bafatanije muri uwo mugambi.
Ibibazo bimaze igihe bitutumba
Iki cyari cyo gikorwa cya vuba cyo kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi mu bindi byinshi byabaye mu karere, nubwo zimwe mu zageragejwe zageze ku ntego.
Byose byabaye mu gihe muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba hari igitutu ndetse n’urugomo rw’abayisilamu hirya no hino muri Sahel, kuri ubu bikaba biri gusakara no mu ntara z’amajyaruguru y’ibihugu bikora ku nyanja..
Hari ukutumvikana ku myumvire y’abanyapolitiki bagendera ku matwara ya kera, n’aho ubukungu bwaba buzamuka, haracyari ikibazo gikomeye cy’akazi n’imibereho myiza ku rubyiruko rukomeza kwiyongera ku bwinshi mu karere.
Gusa n’ubwo ibibazo by’akarere ibyinshi usanga bihuriweho, impamvu zitera ama coup d’état usanga zihariye, buri gihugu kiba gifite impamvu yacyo.
Kuba abashatse guhirika ubutegetsi muri Cotonou batarashyigikiwe n’abaturage, bitandukanye cyane n’uko ibintu byari bimeze mu mihanda ya Conakry, umurwa mukuru wa Guinée, muri Nzeri (9) 2021, ubwo umuyobozi w’ingabo zidasanzwe, Col Mamady Doumbouya yayoboraga coup d’état yakuyeho Perezida Alpha Condé wari uri ho icyo gihe.
Kimwe na Talon, Condé na we yabanje gutorwa mu buryo bunyuze muri demokarasi ariko nyuma aza kongera gutorwa mu buryo bwashidikanijweho, kandi ku butegetsi bwe ubwisanzure mu bya politiki bwaragabanutse cyane. Byongeye kandi, muri Guinée Condé yagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa by’ihohotera rikabije kurusha iryabaye muri Benin.
Irindi tandukaniro rikomeye ni amateka mabi yaranze igabanuka ry’ubukungu ku gihe cya Condé, mu gihe Talon we yagize uruhare mu bikorwa biganisha ku iterambere ndetse no kunoza serivisi.
Mu majyaruguru, inkubiri y’ama coup d’état yibasiye ibihugu bya Sahel, ahanini zagiye ziterwa n’uko ibintu byifashe imbere mu gihugu.
Muri Mali na Burkina Faso, abayobozi b’igisirikare bari bararambiwe ubuyobozi bw’aba perezida batowe n’abaturage, mu rugamba rwo kurwanya inyeshyamba zigendera ku matwara ya cyisilamu. Muri ibyo bihugu byombi ingabo zagiye zigira ibihombo bikomeye mu gihe guverinoma ziyobowe n’abasivili zasaga nk’izidashoboye kubabonera intwaro zihagije ndetse rimwe n’ibiribwa abo basirikare bakenera.
Bityo rero, imimerere iratandukanye cyane. Kandi ibimaze iminsi biba, bishimangira uko ibintu bihagaze mu karere.
Akarere gafite ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano, ndetse na politiki n’iterambere mu bihugu byinshi.
Ariko uko igihugu gihagaze na byo biri mu bitiza umurindi iyi nkubiri y’ama coup d’état.
Abenshi bacyeka ko ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi muri Guinée-Bissau, ryatewe ahanini no gukumira intsinzi yashobokaga ku ruhande rw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
Mu gihe abigometse bo muri Benin basa n’ababitewe n’ibibazo bitandukanye biri mu gisirikare, politiki ndetse n’ubukungu.
Ariko baribeshye cyane ku bushake bw’abaturage bwo kwemera impinduka izo ari zo zose z’ubutegetsi hakoreshejwe ingufu.
BBC
