Uri wa muntu uhora yakererewe?
Mu isi ya none, aho tugerageza gukora ibintu byinshi kurushaho, dusa buri gihe n’aba basiganwa n’isaha.
Gusa mu gihe tuba duhangayikishijwe no gusiganwa n’igihe, hari abantu basa n’abatajya bita ku gihe no gukerererwa.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2014 bwerekanye ko umwe ku banyamerika batanu akerererwa kukazi nibura umunsi umwe mu cyumweru, kandi bisa n’aho abavutse hagati y’imyaka ya 1980 na 1990 aribo bugarijwe cyane n’iki kibazo.
Bigenda bite? Ese hari abantu baremye ku buryo bumva gukerererwa nta kibazo?
Grace Pacie, umwanditsi w’umwongereza yiyemeje gushakisha impamvu yahoraga yakererewe maze ibyo yabonye abyandika mu gitabo yise "Late! : A Timebender’s Guide to Why We Are Late and How We Can Change" (Impamvu dukerererwa n’uko twabihindura).
Grace arasobanura ati: “Ku ruhande rumwe hari abo nita ‘abarengezi b’igihe’, aba iteka usanga bari imbere y’igihe.
Ku rundi ruhande, hari abo Grace yita “abahanga b’igihe”. Hakaba n’abandi bihariye.
Kugoragoza igihe
Grace Pacie yabwiye BBC ati: "Abahanga b’igihe ntabwo bakunda ibintu bihoraho. Ntidukunda imirimo imwe ihoraho kandi turambirwa vuba.
“Dushobora guha umwanya ikintu iyo kidushishikaje, kandi iyo ari mu gihe cyateganyijwe dushobora gukora neza cyane.”
Grace asobanura ko kugira ngo umenye abantu bakererwa mu kazi, bisaba gusa kureba ibiro (bureau) irimo akajagari kurusha ibindi.
Ati: “Usanga tutararangiza ikintu, mu gihe turimo gutangira ikindi”.
Ariko se ni kuki usanga hari bamwe bafite iki kibazo cyo gukerererwa kurusha abandi?
Aho ukorera hashobora kugaragaza ko ugira ingeso yo gukerererwa
Igisubizo gishobora kuba kiri mu miterere yihariye ya buri umwe, nk’uko David Robson wanditse igitabo The Expectation Effect abibwira BBC.
"Ba maso"
Kuri Robson, guhora wakererewe bihuzwa n’imiterere y’imitekerereze ya buri umwe.
Ati: “Ushobora gupima iyo miterere wibaza ibibazo ku gipimo cyo kuba ku murongo, gutunganya ibintu, cyangwa se kubahiriza igihe kw’umuntu.”
Naho Grace Pacie we abona ko abantu bafite igihe cyo gukoresha bakibamo mu buryo butandukanye.
Ati: “Dufite uko tubona igihe mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi. Iminota yose ntabwo ireshya kuri twese.
“Igihe gishobora kwihuta ku wundi kikagenda buhoro, dushobora guhugira (guhuga) mu kuntu rwose tukibagirwa ibijyanye n’igihe. Ariko nanone, iyo dufite igihe ntarengwa, dushobora gukora neza kurushaho.”
Siyanse ibivugaho iki?
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abahanga mu mitekerereze bo muri Kaminuza ya Washington mu 2016 bwibanze by’umwihariko ku isesengura ry’uko abantu bumva igihe.
Mu igerageza rimwe, abantu bari bafite igihe runaka cyo kurangiza umurimo. Ndetse bari bemerewe kujya bareba ku isaha.
Ariko uwo murimo wari wateguwe mu buryo ari mwiza kandi uhungenza rwose abawukora ku buryo bashobora kutibuka kureba ku isaha.
Ibyavuyemo birasobanutse: bamwe mu bisanzwe barusha abandi rwose kubahiriza igihe kandi bagakoresha ubushobozi bwabo mu gukoresha neza icyo bafite.
Ingaruka
Kubwa Grace Pacie, bimwe mu byavuyemo bitunguranye (kandi binashobora kuba ari ingenzi cyane) ni ukumenya ko abantu bubahirije igihe bahawe n’ubusanzwe batajya bakerererwa.
“Abahanga b’igihe” kenshi baba bari aho bagomba kuba bari ku gihe cyagenwe mu bintu by’ingenzi kuri bo, nk’inama, cyangwa urugendo rw’indege.
Grace ati: “Dushobora kubahiriza igihe iyo ibyo bitureba, bivuze ko biba bitureba iyo hari ingaruka kuri twe mu gihe twakerererwa.
“Igihe tutita ku gihe n’umwanya ni ubwo haba hari amatariki cyangwa igihe runaka cyatanzwe ariko nta ngaruka bifite, kenshi usanga ari nk’ibirori by’umubano bisanzwe.”
Kubw’uyu mwanditsi, ibi bishobora kuguteza ibibazo n’abandi bantu, kuko bibaha ishusho y’uko utita ku byabo cyangwa utabitayeho.
Ati: “Ntekereza ko buri gihe ari ingenzi kwita ku gihe kuko mu gihe twiyemeje kucyubahiriza uko tubigenza – gukerererwa, kuhagera mbere, cyangwa ku gihe - bitugiraho ingaruka uko byagenda kose”.
Hari ibisubizo
Inzobere zivuga ko kubahiriza igihe bishobora gukosorwa, ndetse n’indi miterere isa n’idakwiriye imbere y’igihe.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye David Robson yabonye mu gukosora kubahiriza igihe ku bantu ni uko usanga hari abumva ko gukerererwa ari kimwe mu bibagize.
Ati: “Usanga bemera ko biri mu maraso yabo no mu migirire yabo ku buryo batanemera kugerageza guhindura iyo myifatire.”
Nyamara ingingo y’uko imiterere atari ikintu gihoraho iteka – cyangwa se ikintu uvukana, ahubwo ikintu gishobora kwitabwaho – ni ingingo nshya abahanga mu mitekerereze muri iki gihe barimo gukoraho.
Robson yemeza ko, mu gihe umuntu abishaka, ashobora – ahereye ku mpinduka zoroheje – guhinduka umuntu uri maso ku gihe.
Ati: “Ushobora gukora ibintu nko gushyiraho gahunda irambuye y’umunsi cyangwa se ugafata umwanya wo gushyira ibintu ku murongo aho ukorera cyangwa urara niba bijagaraye. Ibintu tuzi neza ko abantu bita ku bintu bakora.”
Uko warwanya gukerererwa
Nk’uko abahanga babivuga, birashoboka gukosora ingeso yo gukerererwa. Izi ni zimwe mu nama batanga;
– Ongera utekereze icyo bivuga gukererwa: Kuhagera mbere biraruta.
Gukerererwa bibabaza abandi kandi bikangiza isura yawe imbere yabo. Gerageza kuhagera mbere ho iminota 10 mbere y’igihe, biruta cyane gukererwa iyo minota.
– Tegura kandi ushyire mu ngiro uburyo bwo gusohoka mu gikorwa cyangwa munzu
Abantu benshi bagorwa no kubyuka, gusoza, gusohoka mu nzu, guhaguruka bigatuma bacyerererwa. Bitegure utangire no kubyitoza.
– Koresha ‘alarm’ ya telephone muri gahunda zawe z’umunsi
– Shyira ibintu mu gihe
Niba ugorwa no kumenya igihe ibintu runaka bifata, hera ku bintu byoroshye ariko bifata igihe nko kwitegura mu gitondo umenye igihe bifata.
– Gabanya gukora byinshi icya rimwe
– Ibuka, inshuti nziza ni isaha! Yirebeho kenshi, niyo ikubwira ko igihe cyo gukora iki na kiriya cyegereje, cyangwa kigeze
