Niba utekereza ko guha umwana wawe smartphone ‘telefoni izi ubwenge’ akiri muto bizongera ubumenyi bwe cyangwa bikamwongerera ubuhanga mu isi igezweho y’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya ‘digital’, uratekereza nabi, uribwira ibihabanye n’ukuri, ni ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Umuryango utari wari uwa Leta witwa ‘Sapien Labs’ wo muri Amerika bwabisobanuye.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, uyu muryango ukora akazi k’ubushakashatsi bugamije kumenya no gusobanukirwa ubwenge bw’abantu.
Mu gihe cya koranavirusi na gumamurugo, igihe abana benshi batangiraga kwigira kuri murandasi, hiyongereye impaka zibaza ngo ni ryari mu by’ukuri abana bagahawe uburenganzira bwo gutunga no gukoresha telefoni?
Smartphone ubundi irabata kimwe n’ibindi bintu byose nk’itabi, isukari n’inzoga
Izi mpaka zatangiriye ku nyungu, ibyiza ndetse n’ibibi byava mu guha telefoni abana bakazirekerwa bakazikoresha bisanzuye nk’abantu bakuru.
Ni iki ubwo bushakashatsi bwerekanye?
Nk’uko ubu bushakashatsi buheruka bwa Sapien Labs bwabyerekanye, abana bahabwa ‘smartphones’ bakiri bato, ubwenge bwabo bugaragaza ukwangirika mu buryo butandukanye iyo bakuze. Ni ibintu bigaragarira cyane mu busabane, umushyikirano n’imibanire yabo n’abandi.
Muri ubu bushakatsi bwa Sapien Labs bwakozwe hagati y’ukwezi kwa Mutarama kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka, mu cyiswe the Global Mind Project, an online mental health survey habajijwe abantu 27,969 bo mu kigero cy’urubyiruko rufite imyaka y’amavuko hagati ya 18 na 24 bakomoka mu bihugu 40.
Iki gisekuru kizwi nka Generation Z [Gen Z] ni cyo cya mbere cy’abana bakuranye na telefoni zizi ubwenge ‘smartphone’- cyangwa telephone zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ihuzanzira rya murandasi (internet connection). Uruganda rwa Apple rwasohoye iPhone ya mbere mu 2007.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwarebye ku myaka y’umuntu igihe yatungiye cyangwa yatangiriye gukoresha ‘smartphone’ bwa mbere ngo hamenyekane niba hari ibice bye byo mu buzima bwe bwiza bwo mu mutwe yaba yaragizeho ingaruka, nk’imibanire n’abandi n’uko asabana na bo (social engagement), uburyo yigiriramo icyizere ndetse n’ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura.
Bivugwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ko 74% by’abagore bahawe telefoni zigezweho bafite imyaka 6 bagize ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu gihe cy’ubwangavu bwabo.
Mu bakobwa batangiye gukoresha bene izi telefoni bafite imyaka 10 y’amavuko, 61% basanze baragizeho ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Ni umubare ungana utyo kandi mu bakobwa b’imyaka 15 mu gihe abakobwa bakoresheje smartphone guhera bafite imyaka 18 mu babajijwe, 46% basanze baragize ibibazo byo mu mutwe.
Mu b’igitsina gabo, 36% mu bagaragaweho ko bagize ibibazo by’amagara yo mu ntekerezo batunze smartphone yabo bwa mbere bafite imyaka 18 mu gihe 42% bagaragaweho n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe ari abatunze bene izi telefone guhera igihe bari bafite imyaka 6.
Ibitekerezo byo gushaka kwiyahura, kugirira abandi umushiha no kubateraho amahane, kumva wigunze no kuba mu isi ya baringa yo kwifuza ibitakoroheye kubona ndetse bitari ku rwego rwawe no kwigereranya bitera agahinda byagaragaye ku bakobwa batunze ‘smartphone’ bakiri mu myaka mike.
Uko smartphone zangiza abana
Chhavi (amazina yahinduwe) ni nyina w’abakobwa babiri. Soma inkuru ye ngufi hano:
Nk’umubyeyi usabwa kurera abana no gukora indi mirimo yo mu rugo, urabyumva ko yabaga ahuze mu rugo muri twinshi. Kugira ngo umukobwa we atamutesha umutwe cyane, yahaye uyu mwana we w’amezi 22 telefoni igezweho ya ‘smartphone’.
Chhavi yahaye uyu mwana we telefoni nyuma yo gupakurura ‘download’ inkuru zishushayije ‘cartoons’ kuri YouTube akayishyira muri iyi telefoni ayiha umwana we ngo imurangaze uko ayimuhaye maze atangira gukora imirimo yo mu rugo.
Ni ibintu byakomeje kugeza n’igihe umukobwa yagarutse avuye ku ishuri.
Ntabwo Chhavi yari yarigeze gutekereza ko telefoni yashyizwe mu biganza by’umukobwa we yashoboraga na rimwe kuba ikibazo kuri we kugeza igihe umwana w’umukobwa yigunze agasa ‘’n’uwahanzweho’ maze nyina akigira inama yo kumushyira abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Dr. Pooja Shivam, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe wavuye uyu mukobwa avuga ko ubwo Chhavu yamuzanaga, yashoboraga kuvuga bijyanye n’imyaka ye nyamara imivugire ye yabaga yuzuye ubwoba bitajyanye n’ikigero cy’imyaka ye.
“Mu gihe cy’amasaha arindwi kugeza ku icyenda, yabaga yicaye kuri telefoni. Chhavi yaramutekerereje kuko atari azi icyo yari kujya asanga kuri YouTube. Ariko tekereza ngo ni iki yabaga areba kuri YouTube kuva ubwo, icyo twakora gusa ni ugukeka. Nta wamenya!
“Yaratinyaga akagira ubwoba, ntabashe kwisanzura. Ikindi gihe hazaga umushyitsi mu rugo, yatangiraga gusakuza akavuza induru atinya cyane. Ibi kandi bikiyongeraho kutaganira no kugira umutima mubi. Nyuma y’aho twamuvanye kuri telefoni turayimubuza tuyimukuraho maze dutangira ubujyanama [counseling].,” ni Dr. Shivam uvuga ibi avuga ku bimenyetso by’uburwayo bwo mu mutwe yasanganye umukobwa wa Chhavi.
Inzobere zitekereza ko muri iyi minsi ababyeyi baha abana babo telefoni nk’uko abo mu myaka yashize bahaga impinja imoko z’amabere akozwe muri pulasitiki zizwi nka ‘pacifier cyagwa sucette’ cyangwa ‘biberon’ babashyira ku minwa bakaba bazi ko bonka amabere ya ba nyina.
Abaganga bajya inama bagomba kugena no kugabanya amasaha baha abana ngo bamarane telefoni.
Ingaruka ku bwenge bw’abana
Nk’uko abahanga ku bumenyamuntu n’imikorere y’ubwonko babivuga, ibintu ibihumbi bigera ku bwonko bwacu biciye mu bimenyetso.
Iyo umuntu akoresha smartphone, abona amashusho (videwo) akumva n’amajwi, aho bimwe muri ibyo bintu byinjira mu bwenge, ikintu kizana ibyishimo bikanavumbura amatsiko mu bwonko bw’uwo muntu. Ni ibintu bikora nka sumaku cyangwa rukuruzi.
Bityo, mu mimerere nk’iyi, utekereza ko ari iki kibaho igihe umwana agize akamenyero ko muri ubu buryo?
Dr. Pankaj Kumar Verma na we afite ivuriro ryita rikanavura abarwayi bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe ryitwa Rejuvenate.
Asubiza iki kibazo, avuga ko no mu gihe cya corona, twabonye ko abana barangwaga no kugira umujinya cyane byatewe no kwiyongera kw’igihe bamaraga kuri ‘screen’ no gufungiranwa mu rugo byateye benshi agahinda gakabije kandi si ibyabaye ku bana gusa n’abakuru ntibyabasize.
Akomeza asobanura ati “Ubwonko ‘tayari’ burakura ku bana bato. [Umwana] ntamenya niba icyo arora ari cyiza cyangwa kibi. Icya kabiri, iyo yiyumvanye akanyamuneza nyuma yo kureba za ‘cartoons’, ubwonko busohora ikinyabutabire cyitwa dopamine kizwi nk’umusemburo utanga ibyishimo hanyuma akiyumva afite umunezero.
Iyi mibereho ya muri ‘dijitali’ n’ubuzima bushingiye byinshi ku ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yatumye abana bagira igisa n’ububata ‘addiction’ ku kigero runaka. Ingaruka zayo na none zizaba ko igihe asabwa kwiga, gukina, kuba asabana bya cyana n’inshuti ze, yisanga ibyo byose yabyibagiwe cyangwa atanabishishikariye ahubwo ahugiye muri telephone imuzamuramo wa musemburo wa dopamine.
Muri ubu buryo bene uyu mwana aba mu isi ya baringa.
Muri iyi mimerere, abana binjizwa mu bwoba, gucanganyikirwa, umuhangayiko kandi ni ibintu bibagiraho ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.
Ku rundi ruhande, abana ubundi imikurire y’ubwonko bwabo ibaho igihe baba mu mibereho isanzwe yo mu muryango mugari ‘sosiyete’ ibyo ntibibabaho kandi biba ikibazo gikomeye ndetse kizabagiraho ingaruka nziza na gato mu minsi iza y’ubuzima bwabo.
None se babyeyi tugize dute? Mu by’ukuri dukore iki?
Mu mwaka ushize, igihugu cy’Ubuhindi cyashyizeho ingamba nshya kandi zikakaye ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bw’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Muri icyo gihe, byitegwaga ko abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu Buhindi baziyongera bakagera kuri miliyoni 900 mu mwaka wa 2025.
Inzobere zitekereza ko ikoranabuhanga ari nk’inkota y’amugi abiri. Nubwo rishobora isoko ikomeye ndetse y’ibanze y’amakuru n’ubumenyi, na none ingaruka zaryo n’ibibi bigendana na ryo ntibibarika kandi kubyigobotora na byo ni ingorabahizi.
Muri iyo mimerere, ni iby’ingenzi cyane kurikoresha tudakabya kandi tukarikoreshana amakenga akwiye, ikintu kenshi abantu bibagirwa kuko ubwaryo ribata nk’ibindi biyobyabwenge byose nk’itabi, inzoga n’isukari.
Dore inama inzobere zigira ababyeyi:
• Mubyeyi shyira abana bawe kure ya telefoni
• Gena igihe umwana wawe amarana telefoni, n’igihe uzajya uyimuhera.
• Igihe umwana ateye impaka n’amahane ngo kuko mugenzi we afite telefoni we ntayo afite, fata akanya umuganirizanye ineza ya kibyeyi umusobanurire.
• Niba abana bakeneye kuganira n’inshuti zabo, gura telefoni itagendanwa uyishyire mu rugo cyangwa umuhe telefoni kugira ngo atazigunga kandi hari ubwo akenera kuvugana na bagenzi be no kuboherereza ubutumwa.
• Niba telefoni ikenewe mu masomo y’umwana ikaba yamufasha mu kwiga, gena igihe azamara kuri iyo telefoni ndetse atazarenza ari muri ‘ecran’ y’iyo ‘smartphone’, igihe cyo kuyikoresha yiga nikirangira, ubundi uyimwake.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi bwa Sapien Lab, byavuzwe ko uko abana bato bakoresha telefoni ari ko ubuzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe bwangirika.
