Sleep paralysis/Paralysie du sommeil, umuntu yakwita ‘kugagara mu bitotsi’, ni indwara yatumye bamwe batekereza ibishushanyo hamwe n’inkuru ziteye ubwoba.
Ubu abahanga muri siyanse batangiye kumva impamvu hari abantu bakanguka ariko ntibashobore kunyeganyega – n’impamvu hari ubwo bituma bakomeza gutekereza ibintu biteye ubwoba bitabaho.
Nari nkiri mu myaka cumi na…ubwo byambagaho bwa mbere. Yari mu masaha ya kare mu gitondo, hakibura amasaha ngo mbyuke njye ku ishuri. Narakangutse maze nshatse guhindukira ngo mve mu buriri umubiri wanjye uranga – sinabashaga kunyeganyega, nari nagagaye kugeza ku mano.
Nubwo ubwonko bwanjye bwatekerezaga neza, imikaya y’umubiri yari igisinziriye. Nahise numva icyumba cyanjye gishyushye kandi gifunganye nkaho inkuta zegeranye, ngira ubwoba bwinshi. Amaherezo, hashize nk’amasegonda 15, kugagara byarahagaze. Ndabyuka.
Nyuma namenye izina ry’ibyambayeho: ni ‘sleep paralysis’. Mu buryo butangaje ni indwara isanzwe iba nijoro aho igice cy’ubwonko bwawe gikanguka ariko umubiri wawe ugakomeza kugagara.
Nyuma y’iyo nshuro ya mbere, byagarutse kenshi, nibura nka rimwe mu majoro abiri cyangwa atatu. Uko byabaga kenshi ni ko byagendaga birushaho kuba ibisanzwe. Amaherezo bigera aho numva nta cyo bitwaye.
Ariko ‘paralysie du sommeil’ mu by’ukuri ishobora kwangiza ubuzima cyane. Ndetse kuri bamwe, izana intekerezo ziteye ubwoba cyane z’ibitabaho (hallucinations). Umuntu w’imyaka 24 nawe uyigira twaganiriye, wansabye ko mwita gusa Victoria, yibuka ko byatangiye mu ijoro rimwe ubwo yari afite imyaka 18.
Yagize ati: “Narakangutse maze nanirwa kunyeganyega. Nabonye ikintu gifite isura iteye ubwoba cyihishe inyuma y’amarido (rideaux/curtains). Gisimbukira mu gituza cyanjye. Natekereje ko ninjiye mu kindi gice cy’ubuzima. Ariko igiteye ubwoba kurushaho ni uko ntashoboraga gutabaza. Byari ibintu ndeba neza cyane ko biriho.”
Abandi batekereza amagini, abazimu, ibiremwa byo mu isanzure (aliens), yewe na benewabo bapfuye. Babona ibice by’umubiri wabo bizerera mu kirere, cyangwa se kopi (copy) yawe ubwawe ihagaze iruhande rwawe ku buriri. Abandi babona abamalayika nyuma bagakeka ko bagize nko kubonekerwa.
Abashakashatsi batekereza ko intekerezo z’ibiteye ubwoba bitabaho (hallucinations) zishobora kuba ari zo zateye imyizerere y’abarozi b’imbaraga zidasanzwe mu Burayi bwa kera cyane, kandi bishobora gusobanura ibyo bamwe ubu bemera by’ibinyabuzima byo mu isanzure.
Abahanga muri siyanse batekereza ko ‘sleep paralysis’ ishobora kuba yarabayeho kuva igihe cyose umuntu yasinziraga. Hari amateka y’amashusho agaragaza ibyo, kandi umwanditsi Mary Shelley wo mu kinyejana cya 19 asa n’uwashingiye ku bitekerezo abantu bagira muri ’sleep paralysis’ mu gice cy’igitabo cye kizwi cyane Frankenstein.
Ariko kugeza vuba aha ni indwara yakozweho ubushakashatsi bucye. Baland Jalal, umushakashatsi ku bitotsi wo muri Harvard University, mu 2020 yarangije igishobora kuba ari ryo gerageza rya mbere ry’uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ’paralysie du sommeil’. Ati: “Ni ikintu cyari cyarirengagijwe…Ariko mu myaka nk’icumi ishize amatsiko yagiye yiyongera.”
Jalal ni umwe mu bashakashatsi bacye cyane ku bitotsi ubu barimo gushyira igihe n’imbaraga zabo mu kureba kuri ubu burwayi. Hari icyizere ko bazagera ku ishusho y’impamvu n’ingaruka – bakabona icyo iyi ndwara itubwira ku iyobera risanzwe ari rinini ku bwonko bwa muntu.
Kugeza vuba aha, hari ubumenyi bucye ku mubare w’abagira ’sleep paralysis’. Ubushakashatsi ntibwabaga kenshi ndetse n’uburyo bukoresha atari bumwe.
Ariko mu 2011, umuvuzi w’indwara zo mu mutwe Brian Sharpless, ubu unigisha kuri St Mary’s College of Maryland, yakoze inyigo yumvikana kurusha izindi kugeza ubu ku bibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ubwo yigishaga kuri Pennsylvania State University.
Inyigo yose hamwe yakozwe ku bantu barenga 36,000 b’abakorerabushake. Brian Sharpless yabonye ko ’paralysie du sommeil’ iri kuri benshi kurusha uko byibazwa, aho hafi 8% by’abantu bagejeje imyaka y’ubukure bemeje ko bayigize nibura inshuro imwe. Uwo mubare uri hejuru mu banyeshuri ba kaminuza (28%) no ku bagira indwara zo mu mutwe (32%).
Sharpless nyuma yafatanyije kwandika igitabo bise Sleep Paralysis: Historical, Psychological, and Medical Perspectives. Ati: “Ntabwo [ari indwara] itamenyerewe nk’uko bikekwa.”
Iyo bimaze kubabaho, bamwe babiha ibisobanuro ko ari ibintu by’izindi mbaraga cyangwa bidasanzwe. Mu by’ukuri, Jalal avuga ko impamvu iri kure kurushaho gusobanuka.
Nijoro, umubiri wacu unyura mu bice bine by’ibitotsi. Igice cya nyuma kitwa ‘rapid-eye movement sleep’, or "REM". Aha ni ho tugera tukarota. Muri REM, ubwonko bwawe buhagarika gukora kw’imikaya, birashoboka ko buba bugamije ko wakora ibyo urimo kurota mu nzozi maze ukibabaza, urugero niba urose usimbuka, wiruka, urwana, cyangwa ukora ikindi gisaba umubiri kunyeganyega.
Ariko rimwe na rimwe – nubwo abahanga n’ubu batazi impamvu – igice kimwe cy’ubwonko bwawe kiva muri REM mbere y’igihe. Ibi bituma wumva ukangutse. Ariko ikindi gice cy’ubwonko kikaguma muri REM, nk’uko Jalal abivuga, ndetse kigakomeza gutanga amabwiriza ko umubiri ukomeza kudakora.
Jalal ati: “Cya gice cy’ubwonko cyakangutse gitangira gukora, mu mutwe ugakanguka – ariko umubiri ugakomeza kugagara udakora.”
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Nsubiye inyuma nkiri mu myaka 20 ya mbere nagiraga ’sleep paralysis’ buri majoro abiri cyangwa atatu, ariko n’icyo gihe nta ngaruka ziboneka byari bifite ku buzima bwanjye. Kari akantu kadasanzwe mbwira inshuti n’umuryango wanjye. Muri ubwo buryo, ibyambagaho byari ibisanzwe.
Colin Espie, umwalimu ku buvuzi bw’ibitotsi muri University of Oxford, ati: “Ku bantu benshi, ni akantu kadasanzwe babana nako. Bijya gusa nko kugenda usinziriye – abantu benshi babikora ntibajya no kwa muganga. Ni amatsiko aba ari mu muryango, n’akantu ko kuganiraho bagatebya.”
Ariko kuri bacye b’amahirwe macye, iyi ndwara ibabera ikibazo. Ubushakashatsi bwa Brian Sharpless bwasanze hagati ya 15% na 44% bw’abagira ’sleep paralysis’ bibatera “ububabare bwakenera kuvurwa”. Ikibazo ubundi kibaho kubera uko twifata iyo ’paralysie du sommeil’ ije, aho kuba yo ubwayo. Abayirwara bisanga umunsi wose batekereza uko bizagenda nigaruka.
Colin Espie ati: “Ibyo bishobora gutera umunabi kuva ku ntangiriro y’ijoro kugeza bucyeye. Ukagira uruhurirane rw’ubwoba n’impungenge kuri ibyo. Ikibi cyane kikaba kugera aho wumva watewe.”
Kuri bamwe na bamwe byakomereye cyane, ’sleep paralysis’ iba ikimenyetso cya ’narcolepsy’ – indwara yo mu bitotsi ikomeye kurushaho aho ubwonko bunanirwa guha umurongo gahunda yo gusinzira no gukanguka, bigatuma umuntu asinzira ku bihe bidakwiriye.
Abaganga bavuga ko kugagara biba bishobora kubaho cyane iyo ubura ibitotsi ku gihe cyabyo kubera ko umugenga wabyo afite ikibazo. Bamwe mu barwayi bo bagira iki kibazo iyo baryamye bagaramye, nubwo nta gisobanuro gisobanutse cy’ibi kiraboneka.
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura ’sleep paralysis’ ni ukwigisha; abayirwara bigishwa gusa ibya siyanse y’umubiri iyitera, maze bakizezwa ko batari mu kaga. Rimwe na rimwe ubuvuzi bukoresheje ‘meditation’ bushobora gukoreshwa. Intego ni ukugabanya umunabi n’ubwoba ugira iyi ndwara aterwa no kujya kuryama, no kubatoza gutuza igihe ’sleep paralysis’ ije.
Iyo bikomeye cyane imiti imwe irakoreshwa – irimo selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ubusanzwe ukoreshwa mu kuvura agahinda gakabije (depression) ariko ukagira ingaruka zo guhagarika bya bitotsi bya REM twavuze haruguru.
Ibice umuntu yibuka cyane iyo yagize ’paralysie du sommeil’ ni igihe byazanye no gutekereza gukomeye ibintu bitabaho. Ni ibi bintu bidasanzwe umuntu abona bitera ubwoba, gusa abahanga muri siyanse bavuga ahubwo ko ibi byerekana ibintu bidasanzwe ku bwonko bwa muntu.
Igihe ugize ’paralysie du sommeil’, moteri y’ubwonko bwawe itangira kohereza amabwiriza ku mubiri, buwutegeka kunyeganyega. Ariko umubiri uba nanone ugagaye, bityo ubwonko ntibubone ubutumwa ko ibyo bwasabye byakozwe.
Jalal ati: “Aho haba akajagari, ubwawe uba wacikaguritse” kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwonko “bugerageza kuziba icyuho”, maze bugahimba igisobanuro cy’impamvu umubiri utarimo gukora. Ni yo mpamvu ibitekerezo byinshi by’ibitabaho bizamo ikintu cy’ikiremwa cyicaye ku gatuza kawe cyangwa gitsikamiye umubiri wawe hasi.
Bishimangira igitekerezo, kizwi cyane mu bahanga bemera ko umuntu yabayeho mu kwihinduranya kw’ibinyabuzima, ko ubwonko bw’umuntu ari “imashini ibara inkuru”. Tugorwa no kwemera ko byinshi ku isi ari ibibazo tutabigizemo uruhare, bityo ubwonko bwacu buhora bugerageza gushaka igisobanuro cy’ibintu bidasobanutse.
Christopher French, umukuru w’ishami ry’ibidasanzwe ku mitekerereze muri Goldsmiths, University of London, yamaze imyaka irenga 10 aganira n’abantu batandukanye ku isi bagize ibitekerezo by’ibitabaho (hallucinations), maze akandika ibyo babonye. Ati: “Ni ibintu bifitanye isano, ariko binafite uburyo butandukanye babibonamo.”
‘Hallucinations’ zimwe na zimwe biragoye kuzisobanura – kuko ziba zinasekeje. Muri iyo myaka French yumvise abantu batandukanye babona injangwe y’umukara irebana nabi cyane, n’umugabo urimo kusogotwa n’ibimera. Ariko abandi usanga babona ahanini ibiri mu mico yabo.
Mu gace ka Newfoundland muri Canada, muri izo ntekerezo z’ibitabaho abaho babona "Old Hag" (igitekerezo cyizwi aho cy’umugore mubi w’igini) yicaye ku gatuza kabo. Abanyamexique babona “umugabo wapfuye” abicaye ku gatuza, naho abo mu birwa bya St Lucia bavuga ko babona “kokma”, roho z’abana batabatijwe, zibatera ibyuma basinziriye. Abaturukiya bavuga ko babona "Karabasan" – umuzimu w’amayobera. Naho Abataliyani batekereza abarozi.
Uko utinya ’sleep paralysis’ ni ko ishobora kuza
Ibi byose bishimangira cyane igitekerezo ko abantu ari inyamaswa zitekereza kandi zigengwa cyane n’umuco ndetse n’ibyo ziteze cyangwa ziteganya.
Ndetse mu bushakashatsi Jalal yagereranyije ibimenyetso muri Denmark na Misiri ku bakorerabushake b’imyaka imwe n’igitsina, abona ishusho y’umuco mu buryo ’sleep paralysis’ ifatamo abayigira. Abanyamisiri barushijeho Abanyadenmark kugira iki kibazo (44% ugereranyije na 25%), Abanyamisiri bemera iby’abazimu n’amagini kandi buri gihe uko bafatwaga n’iyi ndwara bayitindagamo kurusha abandi.
Ibyo Jalal yabonye ni uko ubwoba bw’ibintu bifite izindi mbaraga butuma abantu barushaho gutinya ’sleep paralysis’, maze ubwo bwoba bugatuma ishobora kurushaho kuza – ikimenyetso cy’imikoranire ya hafi cyane y’intekerezo zacu n’imibiri yacu.
Jalal ati: “Iyo ufite umunabi n’umujagararo (stress), umugenga w’ibitotsi byawe arangirika, bityo uba ushobora cyane kugira ’paralysie du sommeil’. Reka tuvuge ko nyokuru akubwiye ati ‘Ikintu gisa gutya kiraza kugutera nijoro’. Kubera ubwo bwoba, ujya kuryama ugasinzira ubwonko bwawe bumeze ‘nk’uburi maso’, maze wagera mu bitotsi bya REM ukumva ‘ikintu kirabaye, ntubashe kunyeganyega na cya kintu kikaza’.
“Bisa n’aho mu by’ukuri umuco nawo urema iyi ndwara.”
BBC
