Twibutse ko amoko cyangwa amatsinda y’amaraso ari mu byiciro byinshi ariko iby’ingenzi ni bibiri. Hari itsinda rizwi nka ABO ari ryo ribamo amoko ya A, B, AB na O, hakaba n’itsinda rya Rhesus ariryo ribamo Rhesus positif na Rhesus negative. Ibi byose rero iyo utwite bwa mbere uba ugomba kuba uzi aho ubarizwa kubera impamvu zikurikira :
Ubusanzwe iyo hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyinjiye mu mubiri wacu, umubiri utari usanzwe uzi, icyo gihe umubiri ufite uburyo ukirwanya ukoresheje ubushobozi cyangwa se ubwirinzi bwawo, aho ushobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye mu kwirukana icyo kintu. Urugero ushobora gukora abasirikare bashobora kukirwanya ku buryo kitabasha kwangiza cyangwa ngo gitere indwara igihe ba basirikare twavuze batatsinzwe n’icyo kintu. Abo basirikare ni bo bita “Anticorps/Antibodies” mu ndimi z’amahanga, naho ibyo bintu biba byinjiye mu mubiri utabizi ni byo bita “Antigenes”.
Antigenes rero ziri ubwoko bwinshi ; antigene kandi ishobora kuba amaraso. Urugero izo bita antigenes rhesus ni antigenes ziba mu nsoro zitukura z’amaraso. Ni yo mpamvu umuntu adapfa guhabwa amaraso kwa muganga cyangwa urugingo yabuze batabanje gupima ubwoko bw’amaraso ye kugira ngo batamuha ibidahuye. Urugero wumva abantu bahabwa impyiko, umwijima n’ibindi. Babanza kureba ko umubiri we ushobora kwakira izo ngingo cyangwa amaraso neza hapimwa ubwoko bw’amaraso.
Tugarutse noneho ku bijyanye n’amaraso, Bavuga ko amaraso y’umuntu afite “Rhesus negatif” igihe iyo bapimye bagasanga ku nsoro zitukura ze, uturemangigo tuba mu maraso tuyafasha gukwirakwiza umwuka wa oxygene mu mubiri hose, nta antigenes rhesus ihabarizwa naho igihe bayisanze bakavuga ko afite “Rhesus positif”. Niyo mpamvu ubona bavuze ko uyu muntu afite Groupe sanguin runaka ariko bakongeraho ikimenyetso cyo guteranya cyangwa cyo gukuramo biba bishaka kuvuga ubwoko bwa rhesus aba afite, urugero umuntu ufite Groupe sanguin O-,O+,A-,A+ gutyo gutyo
Ibi bivuze ko ku mukobwa cyangwa umugore ufite Rhesus negatif noneho agashakana n’umugabo ufite Rhesus positif, bituma akenshi asama umwana ufite amaraso ya rhesus positif, kubera ko umugabo yiganza kurusha umugore. Akenshi kun da ya mbere nta kibazo uyu mubyeyi agira ndetse n’umwana avuka neza.
Ahubwo ikibazo kiba mu gihe cyo kubyara aho amaraso y’umwana ashobora kwivanga n’aya nyina bigatuma mama w’umwana, uba ufite amaraso adafite antigene rhesus (rhesus negatif) umubiri we utangira gukora abasirikare barwanya za rhesus positif z’umwana zawinjiyemo .kuko umubiri we ufata izo Rhesus positif z’umwana nk’ibintu bidasanzwe byawugezemo (antigens).
Bigenda gute kunda ya kabiri ?
Ku nda ya kabiri igihe wa mubyeyi yongeye gusama umwana ufite Rhesus positif, ba basirikare barwanya Rhesus positif umubiri we wakoze umwana wa mbere akimara kuvuka. Abo basirikare batangira kunyura mu ngobyi ihuza umwana na nyina bityo bagatangira kwangiza amaraso y’umwana atwite, uba afite Rhesus positif. Bikaba byatuma umwana atwite apfa ndetse n’inda ikavamo.
Ni yo mpamvu iyo iki kibazo kitamenyekanye kare kwa muganga uyu mubyeyi ashobora gutahira umwana wa mbere yabyaye, izindi nda zikajya zivamo.
Ariko kandi iyo iki kibazo kizwi na muganga, mu gihe umubyeyi arangije kubyara inda ya mbere hari urukingo ahabwa kwa muganga (rwitwa Rhogam cyangwa anti D immunoglobilin) rugenda rukica ba basirikare umubiri we uba watangiye gukora ku buryo ku nda ya kabiri ashora kubyara umwana atagize ikibazo.Ni ngombwa kubimenyesha kwa muganga kugira ngo uwo mubyeyi ahabwe urwo rukingo akimara kubyara umwana wa mbere (Kuko igihe aruhawe nyuma yiki gihe ntacyo rwamara). Ibi bimuha andi mahirwe yogusama undi mwana nta ngorane akanamubyara rwose. Aha twongereho yuko niyo inda ivuyemo umugore naho aba agomba guhabwa rwa rukingo kuko naho amaraso yivanga.
Niba usanzwe utazi ubwoko bw’amaraso yawe, ni ingenzi ko ubumenya igihe utwite ind aya mbere cyangwa se mbere yaho kugirango bizakurinde kuba wahura n’ibyago byo kujya ukuramo inda zikurikiye iya mbere.
Byatanzwe na Phn Biramahire Francois
