Mu minsi ya none indwara z’ibicurane cyangwa inkorora zahinduye isura umuntu asigaye arwara akaremba niyo mpamvu ari byiza ko buri wese yagira ubumenyi ku miti imwe n’imwe yifashishwa kuri izi ndwara.
Hariho imiti myinshi y’inkorora n’ibicurane ndetse rimwe na rimwe usanga umuti umwe ukomatanyirijemo imiti myinshi ivura ibimenyetso bitandukanye,aha niho uzasanga ku muti w’inkorora cyangwa w’ibicurane hagaragaraho amagambo nka expectorant(egisipegitora),decongestant(dekonjesita), antihistaminics(anti-sitaminike), antitussives(anti-tusive), painkiller(penikira),…
Nkuko ibimenyetso by’inkorora ndetse n’ibicurane bitandukana kuri buri muntu ni nayo mpamvu buri muntu agomba gufata umuti bitewe n’ibimenyetso afite.
Urugero: Umuntu ufite inkorora ifite igikororwa ntafata umuti umwe n’umutu ufite inkorora yumutse,umuntu utite ibicurane aho amazuru ye yafunganye ntafata umuti umwe n’umuntu ufite ibicurane aho ibimyira bishoka.Ikindi kitabwaho mu gufata iyi miti ni imyaka,umugore utwite cyangwa wonsa. Indi miti umuntu ari gukoresha, izindi ndwara umuntu abana nazo ndetse na areriji umuntu agira ku miti runaka.
Inkorora cyangwa ibicurane bigira ibimenyetso bisa niby’izindi ndwara karande nka asima, sinezite cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero nk’umusonga ,boronshite, igituntu n’izindi. Akenshi ni byiza kwisuzumisha indwara z’ubuhumekero hakiri kare mu gihe inkorora cyangwa se ibicurane bimaze igihe kiri hejuru y’ibyumweru bibiri.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso by’inkorora n’ibicurane:
– Gukorora:akenshi umuntu akorora bitewe no kubabuka mu muhogo(irritation),uku kubabuka guterwa n’impera z’udutsi duhuza umuhogo n’ubwonko(nerf) tuba twangiritse kubera amavangingo amatira (mucus) aba yagiye yiyomeka mu nzira z’ubuhumekero bitewe ma mikorobe.Gukorora ariko nanone bishobora guturuka ku bundi burwayi bwo mu nzira z’ubuhumekero buhoraho,ku mwotsi w’itabi cg undi ,ku mukungugu cg ibindi bintu bitumuka.
– Kwitsamura
– Gusarara
– Gufungana mu mazuru
– Ibimyira bishoka mu mazuru
– Umuriro
– Kubabara mu gatuza
– Guhumeka nabi
– Ibindi
Icyitonderwa:Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwiyongeraho mikorobe zishobora kuboneka zangiza inzira z’ubuhumekero(infection du voie respiratoire) aha niho usanga mu kuvura ibi bimenyetso hiyongeraho imiti yica mikorobe.
Ibi bimenyetso nibyo biherwaho hakorwa umuti uyu n’uyu w’inkorora cyangwa ibicurane.Kuberako ibi bimenyetso bishobora guhurira ku muntu hafi ya byose akenshi uzasanga bene iyo miti ibivura igizwe n’uruhurirane rw’indi miti irenze umwe.Mu muti umwe ushobora gusangamo imiti izibura mu mazuru (decongestant), imiti ishongesha igikororwa (expectorant),imiti ibuza kugumya gukorora(antitussives),imiti igabanya ububabare n’umuriro(painkillers and analgesics), imiti irinda kwitsamura cyangwa indi arerigi yo mu buhumekero muri rusange(antihistaminics),imiti yagura inzira z’ubumekero (bronchodilatators) ndetse n’imiti yica mikorobe.
1.Imiti izibura mu mazuru(decongestant)
Mu gihe umuntu afite ibicurane kandi akaba yafunganye mu mazuru umuti wifashishwa ugomba kuba urimo imiti nka pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine,xylometahzoline cg oxymetazoline.
Iyi miti si byiza kuyikoresha igihe kirekire kuko ishobora kugabanya ububobere(mucus) mu mazuru hagahora nanone humagaye,twibukiranye ko ububobere (mucus)mu mazuru bugira uruhare runini mu kuhasukura aho bufata imyotsi ,umukungugu cyangwa undi mwanda mu mazuru. Iyi miti nanone ibujijwe ku muntu ufite umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso kuko ishobora kugira uruhare mu kwiyongera kwawo kurushaho.
2. Imiti ishongesha igikororwa (expectorant cg mucolytics)
Iyi ni imwe mu miti ikoze imiti y’inkorora aho igira uruhare runini mu kugabanya kureduka ndetse no gushongesha burundu igikororwa kiba cyafunze imyanya y’ubuhumekero(mucolytics) cyangwa ikongera ubuhehere mu myanya y’ubuhumekero(expectorant).Ariko Abaganga bavuga ko uburyo bwiza bwo gushongesha igikororwa umuntu atiriwe akoresha imiti ari ukunywa amazi ahagije.Umuti w’inkorora ukora muri ubu buryo ubonekamo imiti nka guafenesin,ambroxol,carbocisteine cyangwa bromhexine.
3.Imiti ibuza gukorora(Cough suppressants cg antitussives)
Iyi ni imiti iri kugenda icika mu gukoreshwa ,ikindi ni imiti ukoreshwa kuri bene ya nkorora idatose ,idafite igikororwa. Abantu bamwe baba bumva bahagarika gukorora ariko rimwe na rimwe si byiza kuko gukorora bishobora kuba uburyo bwo guhumeka ndetse no gusukura inzira z’ubuhumekero.
Iyi miti ishobora gutera ibibazo mu rundi ruhande nk’igihe umuntu ayikoresheje afite igikororwa kuko kibura uko gisohoka kikaba cyahera mu myanya y’ubuhumekero bigakurizamo izindi ndwara harimo nk’igituntu,boronshite cg umusonga.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2015 ikigo cy’ubuzima cyo mu burayi EMA(European Medicines Agency) kigira inama abaganga kudaha bene iyi miti abana bari munsi y’imyaka 12 cg abandi bantu bigeze kugira ikibazo cy’ubuhumekero.Aha dusangamo imiti nka dextromethophan na codeine.
Codeine ni umuti ukora ku bwonko iyo ugeze mu mubiri uhindukamo undi witwa morphine nawo utuma umuntu atumva ububabare ndetse uragenda ukagabanya n’imikorere y’agace k’ubwonko kagenga gukorora biryo umuntu ntabashe ukorora buri kanya.codeine ishobora gutera guhumeka gake mu gihe ikoreshejwe mu buryo butari bwo.
4.Imiti irinda kwitsamura,gushoka kw’ibimyira mu mazuru, gusarara cyangwa indi arerigi yo mu buhumekero muri rusange (antihistaminics)
Iyi ni imiti irinda ibicurane bishobora gukomoka kuri arerigi mu mazuru.Arerigi nukuvuga uburyo umubiri uhinduka mu gihe uri guhangana n’imihindagurikire runaka haba hanze y’umubiri cg imbere mu mubiri.Iyi miti rero iza ihangana n’utuntu bita histamine(niho hava izina antihistaminics) aritwo dutuma ibimenyetso bya arerigi bigaragara ku mubiri.
Iyi miti ihuriyeho kuba yatera ibibazo byo guhunyiza cg gucika intege ku muntu uri kuyifata.
Iyi miti tubonamo iyo bita chlornpheniramine(nanone yitwa polaramine),desloratadine(deslor cg aerius), cetrizine(zyrtec), loratadine(clartyne), promethazine(phenergan),…
Arerigi zo mu mazuru zihoraho zangiza tumwe mu turemangingo two mu mazuru twitwa sinus bitwo bigakurizamo kurwara sinisite.
5.Imiti yagura inzira z’ubuhumekero (bronchodilatators)
Aha tubonamo imiti nka salbutamol yagura inzira z’ubuhumekero biryo umuntu agahumeka neza.Akenshi iyi miti ikoreshwa ku muntu uri guhumeka ahirita ndetse rimwe na rimwe inkorora ye iba ifatwa nk’ituruka kuri boronshite(kubyimba mu nzira z’ubuhumekero) cg kuri asima.
Bakunzi namwe nshuti zacu bacu ni byiza gusobanuza umuganga uguhaye umuti ibiwugize haba muri farumasi cg mu mavuriro kandi ni n’ingenzi kubwira umuganga ibimenyetso byose uko byakabaye mu buryo bwo kuza kuguhitiramo neza umuti ukeneye kandi ukuvura.
By Phn N.Marcelo Baudouin
e-mail:[email protected]
