Ubwonko bwa muntu ni igice gitangaje kigizwe n’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi bigenzura imikorere y’umubiri, gusobanura amakuru, ubujijuke (intelligence), guhanga ibintu (creativity), imbamutima (emotion), kubika amakuru, ni bicye muri byinshi ubwonko bukora. Ubwonko buba mu mutwe. Ubwonko bugizwe n’ibice bitatu aribyo cerebrum, cerebellum na brainsterm.
Ubwonko bwakira amakuru biciye mu bice bitanu bizwi nk’ibyumviro by’umubiri aribyo; kureba, guhumurirwa, gukora kucyintu, uburyohe, no kumva. Ubwonko bufata amakuru yinjiye mu mubiri, bugatanga igisobanuro, kandi bugashyira ayo makuru mu mubiko bw’igihe gito cyangwa kirekire. Ubwonko bugenzura kandi bukayobora ibitekerezo, kwibuka, imivugire, imigendere y’amaboko n’amaguru, ndetse n’imikorere y’ingingo (Organs) myinshi z’umubiri.
Reka turebere hamwe imikorere y’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi bigize ubwonko
1.Cerebrum: Ni igice kinini cy’ubwonko. Nacyo kigizwe n’ibice bibiri; icy’ibumoso, n’iburyo (Left& Right hemisphere). Cerebrum ikora imirimo ikomeye cyane nko;iyo ukoze ku kintu, ubwonko bugusha gusobanukirwa icyo aricyo (interpreting touch),iki gice kandi kigira uruhare mu kureba, kumva ndetse no kuvuga, imitekerereze, mu mbamutima (emotion), mu myigire no kugenzura neza imigendere (Movement).
2.Cerebellum: Iki gice kiri munsi ya cerebrum. Imimaro yacyo nuko gihurizahamwe imikorere y’imikaya y’umubiri, igifasha kubungabunga ikerekezo washyizemo igice runaka cy’umubiri (posture and balance).
3.Brainsterm: Ihuza cerebrum na cerebellum ku gice cy’ubwonko kiba mu rutirigongo kizwi nka Spinal cord. Ifasha mu mimaro yikora (Automatic functions) nko; guhumeka, gutera k’umutima, ubushyuhe bwo mu mubiri, gusinzira no gukanguka, igogora, kwitsamura, gukorora, kuruka no kumira. Ibyo byose ni imimaro ya Brainsterm.
Nkuko twabibonye hejuru cereberum ifite ibice bibiri;icy’ibumoso n’icy’iburyo. Ibyo bice bihuzwa na corpus callosum kuko ikura amakuru mu gice kimwe iyajyana mu kindi gice. Buri gice kigenzura igice cy’umubiri mbusane. Urugero, igice cy’ibumoso cy’ubwonko kigenzura igice cy’iburyo cy’umubiri. Bivugezeko iyo igice cy’ibumoso cy’ubwonko kirwaye stroke, igice cy’ibiryo cy’umubiri nk’ukuboko n’ukuguru kuri kuri icyo gice kirwara pararize(Paralyse).
Ibyo bice byombi (ibumoso n’iburyo) ntago bihuje imirimo. Muri rusange, igice cy’ibumoso (left Hemisphere) kigenzura imivugire, imyandikire, gitanga gusobanukirwa n’ibintu runaka, ndetse n’imibarire. Igice cy’iburyo (right hemisphere) kigenzura imihangire (creativity), ubushobozi mu bintu, ubuhanzi (artistic) n’ubuhanga bwa muzika. Ikindi nuko igice cy’ibumoso cyiganza mukugenzura imikoreshereze y’ibiganza n’indimi ku kigero cya 92% mu bantu. Mu bice by’ubwonko by’inyuma, imbere harimo ibindi by’ingenzi cyane. Mu byo twavugamo Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland n’ibindi.
– Hypothalamus igira uruhare mu kuringaniza ubushyuhe mu mubiri, kumva ko ushonje, n’ibindi.
– Thalamus igira uruhare mu kumva ububabare, attention, kuburira umubiri, no gufata mu mutwe.
– Pituitary gland: ihujwe na hypothalamus y’ubwonko na pituitary stalk. Iyi pituitary gland ikunze kwitwa ‘master gland’, igenzura gland ishinzwe gutanga imisemburo mu mubiri (endocrine gland). Itanga umusemburo ushinzwe kwita ku mikurire n’imikorere y’imyanya ndangagitsina, ituma amagufa n’imyakura bikura.
– Pineal gland igenzura umubiri mu buryo bw’imisinzirire bitewe nuko ifasha mu gutanga umusemburo wa melatonin ugira uruhare mu gukora ibitotsi.
Uko ubwonko bubika amakuru
Kubika amakuru (memory) ni urusobe rw’ibikorwa bibera mu bwonko, bikaba mu buryo butatu; gufata umwanzuro w’amakuru y’ingenzi (encoding), kuyabika (storing) no kwibuka (recall). Ibice bitandukanye bigira uruhare muri ibyo bikorwa. Kugirango ubwonko bufate amakuru buyavane mu bubiko bw’igihe gito buyajyane mu bubiko by’igihe kirekire nuko kuyitaho (attention) nogubiramo (rehearse).
Rero kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ubwonko no kubugaburira neza birakwiye kugira twirinde kwibagirwa kwa hato na hato. Hari ibitunga ubwonko, bikabungabunga imikorere yabwo.
Aho wabona ubufasha bw’uko wabungabunga ubwonko mu gihe waba wumva waratangiye kujya ugira kwibagirwa kwa hato na hato muri horaho life tubafitiye inyunganiramirire yafasha ubwonko bwawe kongera gukora neza.
Uramutse ukeneye izo nyunganiramirire,wagana aho HORAHO Life dukorera mu mugi wa Kigali, mu nyubako yo kwa RUBANGURA, muri etaji ya 3 mu muryango wa 302 na 301.
Ushobora no kuduhamagara kuri numero 0785031649 / 0788698813 ku bindi bisobanuro. Wanasura urubuga rwacu arirwo www.horahoclinic.rw.
