Maneko, intasi n’andi mazina menshi akoreshwa yose ni amagambo wumva akakunyura mu matwi ariko ntasibe no kugusigira akantu k’amakenga mu bitekerezo byawe, nyamara mu isi benshi bavugwaho kuba za maneko cyangwa intasi, ndetse nawe ushobora kuba we igihe runaka kubera impamvu zigiye zitandukanye; ariko rero kuki Maneko cg Intasi ari inkingi za mwamba z’abategetsi haba mu bihe by’amahoro cyangwa se by’intambara?
Ese maneko ziri mu byiciro bingahe? Wowe mutegetsi uzikoresha ugomba kubana nazo ute?
Maneko ni inkingi za mwamba kubera ko ikiremwamuntu aho kiva kikagera, kigera kuri byinshi kubera amakuru n’ubumenyi gifite ku muntu runaka cyangwa ibintu runaka, kandi ngo ufite amakuru ahagije aba afite ubushobozi ntagereranwa.
Nyamara ntawamenya amakuru y’ibyo kanaka akora yifashishije imibare, ubugenge cyangwa umwuka wera n’ubupfumu. Amakuru y’ibyo runaka akora uyamenya uyakuye ku bandi cyangwa kuri we ubwe. Iyi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye maneko zibaho kandi zikazanahoraho.
Kugirango ubyumve neza reka tubijyane mu buryo bw’intambara. Umugaba w’ingabo watinyuka gufata ingabo ze akazerekeza ku rugamba adafite amakuru ahagije k’umwanzi we, uwo ntabwo yaba akunda igihugu n’abagituye kuko intambara isaba ubushobozi bwinshi bw’abantu n’ibintu; rero gutera utazi uko umwanzi wawe ahagaze bingana no kwiyahura mu cyanya gitezemo mine ahantu hose. Niyo mpamvu rero dukenera ba maneko ngo batuzanire ayo makuru y’uko umwanzi wacu ahagaze mu byiciro byose, kuko intambara zose turwana mu buzima uzitsinda nuko aba afite amakuru ahagije y’umwanzi mbere y’uko barwana. Naho mu mahoro maneko akuzanira amakuru y’ababa bateganya guhungabanya ayo mahoro n’ay’uko twagumya kuyasigasira agasagamba.
Hari benshi rero wenda babona uyu munsi za maneko hirya no hino bakagira ngo ni ibya none ariko siko biri kuva kera zahozeho kandi uko zafatwaga niko n’ubu bikiri ahubwo igihinduka ni ibikoresho bifashisha kubera iterambere n’ ikoranabuhanga ariko amahame abagenga yo yagumye ari amwe.
Mu nyandiko za kera rero zigaragaza ibya ba maneko harimo na Bibiliya muri Yosuwa 2:1-24 ndetse n’ igitabo cyitwa THE ART OF WAR CYA SUN TZU ari nacyo twifashishije dukora iyi nyandiko.
Mu mahame agenga ba maneko iriruta ayandi ni ibanga, gushyira mu gaciro, kumenya kwitegereza no gufata mu mutwe buri kantu n’ibyo abandi badaha agaciro; tutibagiwe no kwiyoberanya.
HE ART OF WAR CYA SUN TZU twifashishije mu kwandika iyi nkuru
Imitwe ya za maneko ku isi hose iba igizwe n’ibyiciro bitanu:
• Maneko zo mu rusisiro (Local spies): Iki kiciro kigizwe natwe abaturage muri rusange aho tuba dushishikarizwa kudahishira ikibi n’abagikora no gutanga amakuru muri rusange y’ibibera mu nsinsiro iwacu.
• Maneko z’ikambere (Inward spies): Iki kiciro kigizwe na za maneko zibana n’umwanzi wacu cyangwa se uwo dushaka kuneka. Iyo uzihitamo ntureba buri wese ahubwo ureba muri ba bandi babana n’umwanzi wawe barimo abakire bahombye, abanyabyaha bafite imiziro, indaya zihorana irari ry’ifaranga na zahabu, abatanyuzwe n’imyanya bafite, abifuza ko umwanzi wawe yatsindwa bakerekana ubushobozi bwabo na ba nyamujya iyo bigiye bakunda kwivanga muri byose. Abo bose ukabiyegereza mu ibanga rikomeye.
•Maneko zabatijwe (Converted spies): Wifashishije za ruswa n’impano z’agaciro, utibagiwe n’amasezera yo kuzabagabira ibyiza mu gihe kizaza, ukururira bamwe muri ba maneko b’umwanzi wawe bakaza bakagukorera, ukabasunikira kujya bajyana amakuru atariyo ku mwanzi nyamara bakunekera icyo umwanzi wawe ari gupanga gukora n’uko ahagaze. Bakakuzanira amakuru ya nyayo y’umwanzi nk’abantu bamuzi neza.
Aba aho batandukanira na za Maneko z’ikambere (Inward Spies) nuko bo bava mu birindiro by’umwanzi bakaza bakaba mu ruhande rwacu bakaba umwe natwe naho ab’ikambere bo baba mu birindiro by’umwanzi baba ari nk’imungu zimunga umwanzi zihereye imbere.
• Maneko zashobewe (Doomed spies): Izi ni maneko zawe wifashisha mu gihe ushaka gukora ibikorwa byo kujijisha cyangwa se kuyobya uburari k’umwanzi wawe. Ni maneko zawe ushora mu bikorwa, zabikora zigafatirwa mu mirongo y’umwanzi wawe zizi ko ar’ukubera kwibeshya nyamara warabiteguye, zigatanga amakuru ku mwanzi akenshi atari yo, maze zikicwa nyamara umwanzi akazasanga ya makuru yabonye ahabanye n’ukuri kw’ibiriho.
• Maneko z’inyamuruho (Surviving spies): Izi ni maneko zisanzwe ziba mu gisirikare. Izi maneko zigomba kuba ari inyaryenge nyamara ku maso zigaragara nk’abaswa, ubona ukabona zirajagaraye, nyamara zifite ukwizirika gukomeye nk’urutare. Zigomba kuba zigira umurava, zifite imyitozo ihagije, zihanganira ibihe byose byaba iby’ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe, inzara n’inyota, yewe ziniteguye kwemera gukora akazi kabi ako ariko kose niyo kaba gasuzuguritse bingana iki, kandi bakwemera no kwakira ikimwaro ariko bakagera kucyo bifuza.
Muri izi maneko zose rero Maneko zabatijwe (Converted spies) nizo ngirakamaro cyane kandi zigomba gufatwa neza cyane, zikitabwaho kuko nizo ziguha amakuru ya nyayo y’umwanzi wawe kuko ziba zimuzi neza maze bigatuma umenya neza uko n’ izindi maneko zose zisigaye uzikoresha maze ukivuna umwanzi umuhereye mu mizi.
Umutegetsi rero ukoresha maneko agomba kuba ari umunyabwenge, kandi akazigenera amashimwe nta bugugu yewe rimwe na rimwe akanareka zikikoreramo, agomba kuba umuntu ugira ibanga kandi aciye inzira imwe mu mucyo nta guca hirya hino kandi mu gihe avugana na maneko uwo ari we wese agomba gukoresha uburyo bw’umunwa ku gutwi (mouth-to-ear communication).
Mubyo maneko zigomba kwitondera ni ukumena ibanga mbere y’uko icyari kigamijwe kigerwaho, ubikoze agomba kwicwa nta mbabazi kandi n’abo yameneye iryo banga bakicwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya amagambo n’impuha zaturuka kur’iryo kosa uwo maneko aba yakoze.
Wowe mutegetsi ugomba kuba uzi gushishoza kandi ugakoresha uburyo bwose butuma maneko zawe zose zikorana kandi zitaziranye mu gihe zitahawe umukoro umwe. Ikindi kandi nk’uko amazi ariyo atwara ubwato akabuvana ku nkombe imwe bukajya ku yindi ariko akaba ari nayo aburohamisha niko na za maneko zimeze; nawe mutegetsi rero ugomba guhora ukenga kuko kwishingikiriza cyane kuri maneko gusa bishobora gutuma igihugu cyawe kisanga cyarohamye.
Imboni z’abategetsi bakomeye niba maneko babo naho twe rubanda rusanzwe turebesha amaso yacu.
Rugaba Yvan
