Kugenda n’indege imbere muri Afurika birahenda kurusha ahandi aho ari ho hose ku isi. Abagenzi bishyura ibiciro ndetse n’imisoro bihanitse kurusha ahandi. Birahendutse kugenda mu ndege uva muri Afurika ujya ku wundi mugabane kurusha uko waba ujya ku kindi gihugu cya Afurika.
Nk’urugero ruto, kugenda n’indege uva ku murwa mukuru w’Ubudage, Berlin ujya mu wa Istambul ho muri Turkey bizagusaba amadolari $150 ku rugendo rutazagira aho ruhagarara mu gihe cy’amasaha atatu masa.
Nyamara nugenda mu ndege urugendo rw’intera ingana n’iyo uva i Kinshasa muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo ujya i Lagos muri Nijeriya uzishyura amadolari ari hagati ya $500 na $850 kandi nibura indege urimo ibagushe ku kibuga kindi nibura kimwe kitari icya Lagos mu rugendo ruzagufata amasaha agera kuri 20.
Ibi bigira ingume gukora ubucuruzi na serivisi z’indege zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu ndege kandi bigatuma bihenda, ikintu udakwiye kwibwira ko kigira ingaruka gusa ku bakungu n’abifite basanzwe bakora ingendo zo mu ndege ahubwo na rubanda rwa giseseka wenda batajya banagenda no mu modoka bibagiraho ingaruka cyane.
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ingendo zo mu Kirere (IATA)- ishyirahamwe rihagarariye isosiyeti 3000 z’indege zikora 83% by’izi ngendo ku isi yose- uvuga ko ibihugu 12 bya Afurika biramutse bikoreye hamwe bigafatanya kunoza serivisi z’ingendo z’indege hagati yabyo, byahanga imirimo 155.000 ndetse bikongera miliyari 1.3 z’amadolari ku musaruro mbumbe wabyo.
“Ingendo z’indege n’ubucuruzi bujyana na zo bigira uruhare runini kuri buri musaruro mbumbe wa buri gihugu. Zitanga akazi kandi zikongera umusemburo mu bukungu,” ni ko bivugwa na Kamil al-Awadhi, visi perezida wa IATA muri Afurika n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Adefolake Adeyeye, umwalimu ufasha abandi (assistant professor) wigisha mu ishami ry’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi muri Kaminuza ya Durham yo mu Bwongereza avuga ko Afurika muri rusange ifite ikintu ibura ndetse ihomba byinshi kubera serivisi mbi zayo z’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere.
Ati “Byagaragajwe ko ingendo zo mu kirere zitsura ubukungu. Nk’uko twabibonye mu yindi migabane, ingengo y’imari yakongerwa ku ndege yakongera ubuhahirane, ikoroshya ikiguzi, byateza imbere ubukerarugendo, hanyuma bikarema imirimo myinshi kurushaho,” ni ko avuga.
Imihanda ikoze nabi cyangwa itanakoze ndetse no kuba nta mihanda ya gari ya moshi iboneka mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika bituma usanga biba ngombwa ko nta yandi mahitamo abaho yo gutwara ibicuruzwa ngo bigere mu bihugu aho bijya uretse kubitwara mu ndege.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagize ingaruka ku bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, isobanura ko buri wese akwiriye kugira amakenga kurushaho ku byerekeye imyuka yanduye yoherezwa mu kirere kanyuma akiha intego yo kugabanya ingendo zo mu kirere akora.
Nyamara ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, 18% by’abatuye isi bakaba baba muri Afurika, ingendo z’indege zibera kuri uyu mugabane zibarirwa kuri 2% by’izibera ku isi muri rusange, nk’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Ibidukikije (UNEP) ribivuga, bigasobanura ko Afurika yohereza 3,8% gusa by’imyuka mibi yoherezwa mu kirere biciye mu ngendo z’indege.
Ibi bihabanye kure na 19% y’ibyuka byoherezwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ndetse n’Ubushinwa bwohereza bene ibyo byuka mu kirere ku kigero cya 23% binyuze muri izi ngendo.
Ni byo, Afurika ikize ku mutungo kamere n’amabuye y’agaciro, ariko mu bihugu 46 biri ku rutonde rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye w’Ibihugu Bikennye, 33 bibarizwa kuri uyu mugabane, kandi ubukene bukomeza kuba ikibazo cy’ingutu ku mibereho y’abagera kuri za miliyoni z’abatuye kuri uyu mugabane.
Icyakora ariko, hari umubare ukomeje kwiyongera w’abaturage bafite ubukungu buciriritse (middle class) bakabaye bagenda n’indege iyo ibiciro by’amatike biba bingana n’iby’i Burayi n’ahandi.
“Buri gihugu cya Afurika cyifuza kubona ibendera ryacyo ku murizo w’indege i Heathrow cyangwa kuri JFK Airport”
Ibihugu bya Afurika byagiye bigerageza mu gihe cy’ibinyacumi by’imyaka guteza imbere uruganda rw’ubucuruzi wa serivisi z’ingendo z’indege nyamara ntibiragera ku rwego bibyifuzaho.
“Hakwiye kubaho ingamba zifatiwe hamwe kuri Afurika ngo igire icyo ikora kuri serivisi mbi ziyiranga mu bwikorezi bw’abantu mu ndege niba bashaka guteza imbere rya Afurika,,” ni ko Zemedeneh Negatu. Umuyobozi wa Fairfax Africa Fund, ikigega gifite icyicaro muri Amerika akomeza ajya inama.
Avuga ko ingendo z’indege rwagati muri Afurika zikibangamiwe n’amasezerano agoranye yagizwe hagati y’ibihugu, kandi ko menshi mu masosiyeti y’indege yo muri Afurika atabasha kwinjiza inyungu ihwanye n’ikiguzi cy’amafaranga akoresha ndetse amwe akorera mu gihombo.
Ati” Buri gihugu cyo muri Afurika cyifuza kubona ibendera ryacyo ku murizo wa rutemikirere kuri Heathrow [ikibuga cy’indege gikomeye cy’i Londres ho mu Bwongereza] cyangwa icya JFK [icy’indege cyitiriwe John Kennedyi New York muri USA], leta z’ibihugu bya Afurika zikwiye kumva ko kuba nyamwigendaho mu bucuruzi bw’ingendo z’indege atari ikintu cyakorwa ngo gipfe kubyara inyungu. ’’
Zemedeneh avuga ko sosiyeti z’indege zo muri Afurika zagafatiye urugero i Burayi n’ubufatanye iz’aho zigirana nk’uburi hagati ya Air France na KLM yo mu Buholandi na Anglo-Spanish International Airlines Group (IAG) yashinzwe ku bufatanye bwa British Airways na Iberia yo muri Esipanye.
Arengaho avuga ko yemwe no mu isoko ry’ibihugu bikize nk’iby’i Burayi, ubufatanye no gukorera hamwe ari yo nzira ifasha abacuruzi b’ingendo z’indege kubaho bakora bunguka kandi bagatanga serivisi zizewe kandi zihendutse kurushaho.
Uburyo bwa none bw’imikorere muri Afurika ntibwitaye ku byo gufatanya, kandi nubwo ibihugu 35 byasinye amasezerano y’isoko rusange nyafurika ry’ingendo zo mu kirere (Single African Air Transport) nk’umugambo w’Umuryango wa Afurika wo koroshya ingendo zo mu kirere no kuvanaho imipaka kuri kompanyi z’indege zo muri Afurika no kugabanya ibiciro, bisa n’aho bizafata imyaka itari mike ngo ashyirwe mu bikorwa.
Bwana Awadhi wo muri IATA avuga ko leta z’ibihugu zifite ubushake buke kandi zigenda bguru ntege cyane mu gukorera hamwe kuri iyi ngingo.
Ati “Hari ikintu cyo kutava ku izima no kudakurwa ku cy’eho aho usanga buri gihugu gitekereza ko kizi uko kibigenza neza cyonyine hanyuma kikaguma ku mikorere yacyo yak era kabone nubwo nta musaruro yaba itanga.”
Yongeraho ko “n’ubundi biriya ari ubucuruzi ndetse hari ikigero gihanitse cyo gushaka gukora igihugu ukwacyo nyamara cyangiza uruganda rw’ingendo z’indege. Hanyuma rero nta nyungu iba mu kugira buri gihugu isosiyeti y’indege yacyo.”
Muri Afurika igihugu rukumbi (Ethiopia) gisa n’aho cyakoze irengayobora ku bivugwa na Awadhi aho gifite ikompanyi y’indege ikora neza kandi ikunguka ndetse yatanga urugero abandi bakwigiraho ni Ethiopian Airlines.
Mu myaka irenga 15 ishize, Ethiopian Airlines yari ifite abakozi bakabakaba 4.000. Kugeza ubu uyu mubare waratumbagiye, ubu abakozi bayo baragera ku 17.000.
Etiyopiya ni cyo gihugu cya Afurika gikora itandukaniro rikwiye kwiganwa muri serivisi z’ingendo z’indege
Ethiopian Airlines ni ikompanyi y’indege icungwa na leta ya Ethiopia ariko ikora mu buryo bwuzuye nk’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi leta itacyinjirira ngo ikigenzure cyangwa igifateho ijambo ryatuma gihomba cyangwa ngo cyunguke uko byagakwiye.
Muri iyi myaka, Ethiopian Airlines yakubye birenze kabiri ingano y’umubare w’indege zitwara imizigo n’izitwara abagenzi ndetse yatumye Addis Ababa iba nk’igicumbi cy’akarere ubwacyo, uyu murwa mukuru uba kandi nk’isoko n’irembo ry’amadevize maze bizamura cyane uruganda rwa serivisi rw’iki gihugu.
Mu ntangiriro z’iki kinyagihumbi, Ethiopia yari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye kurusha ibindi ku isi none ubu ni kimwe mu bibarirwa kuba mu bifite ubukungu bukura vuba kurusha ibindi.
Bwana Zemedeneh, Umunyetiyopiya ufite ubwengegihugu bwa Amerika wakoze akazi gakomeye nk’umujyanama wa Ethiopian Airlines ubwo iyi kompanyi yandikaga umugambi wayo w’ishoramari avuga ko Ethiopian Airlines yagize uruhare rukomeye muri iri terambere.
Ati “Ethiopian Airlines yinjiza amamiliyoni y’amadolari aza nk’inoti zifatika mu gihugu, kandi bitera ishema buri Munyetiyopiya ko igihugu cyabo cyabashije kurema kimwe mu bigo by’ubucuruzi bikomeye bikomoka muri Afurika kikaba ari icy’Abanyafurika, kikayoborwa kinakorwamo n’Abanyafurika kandi gikorera mu bihugu byinshi ndetse kikaba gihagaze bwuma gikora neza.”
Abagenzi b’Abanyafurika bakwizera ko ibi byiza mu bucuruzi bene wabo bo muri Etiyopiya bagezeho biramutse byiganwe byagira inyungu ku igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ingendo z’indege maze bakongera inshuro n’umubare w’abajya i Burayi na Aziya kandi bakagera aho bifuza vuba kandi bahendukiwe kurushaho.
