Ni igitekerezo cyaje mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa ubundi, ubu rero umuntu yakwibaza impamvu iyi mitaka igikenerwa mu gisekuru n’imyaka aho ibyogajuru bikora akazi kose?
Ku wa kane, ku ya 2 Gashyantare uyu mwaka, Ibiro by’Ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Pentagon, byavuze ko byageragezaga kugenzura ngo bitahure amakuru ku mutaka w’intasi w’Ubushinwa wagurukaga wogoga ikirere cya USA.
Imitaka nk’iyi yego ishobora kutagira akantu k’uburyarya nk’ubwo muri kamera iri mu kenge k’igifungo cyangwa ubumara bwo ku nyabutabire cya arsenic gihishe mu ryinyo gusa imitaka (iyi bagurukiramo) yifashishwa mu butasi yakoreshejwe guhera mu binyejana bishize- kandi, uko inzobere zibivuga, ikoreshwa ryayo bisa n’aho rishobora kuziyongera mu minsi iza.
Byagenze bite mu kirere cya USA ku wa gatanu ?
Umutaka ukekwaho kuba intasi y’Ubushinwa wagurukaga hejuru mu kirere cya US mu gihe cy’iminsi ibiri, ni ko abayobozi ba Amerika bavuze, mbere y’urugendo umunyamabanga wa leta wa Leta Zunze za Amerika bwana Antony Blinken ateganya kugirira i Beijing.
Indege nto z’intambara zahise zihuruzwa zirategurwa ariko abayobozi ba gisirikare bagira Perezida Joe Biden inama yo kutarasira uyu mutaka mu kirere kuko batinyaga ko iki cyatera akaga k’umutekano muke, inama Biden yemeye, ni ko abayobozi ba US bavuze.
Pentagon mu itangazo yagize iti: “Umutaka ubu uragendera ku butumburuke bwo hejuru y’ikirere gikoreshwa n’indege z’ubucuruzi kandi nta kaga iteje haba ku gisirikare cyangwa ku bintu ku bantu bari ku butaka.”
Hanyuma ku wa kane, Ibiro by’Ubwirinzi bya Canada byasohoye itangazo rivuga ko byarimo bigenzura “ikibazo gishobora kubyara impanuka bwa kabiri”.
Ubundi imitaka itata ni iki?
Umutaka ugezweho wifashishwa mu butasi ni igikoresho gito cy’ubutasi, ni urugero imfatamashusho (camera), gishyirwa mu nsi y’umutaka kikogoga mu kirere cyo hejuru y’ahantu runaka, gitwarwa n’umuyaga. Iki gikoresho gifashe ku mitaka gishobora kuba kiri kumwe na radar kandi gikoreshwa n’ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba.
Imitaka iteye nk’ibipirizo ibi abana bakinisha cyangwa bikoreshwa nk’imitako ubusanzwe ikorera ku burebure bwo kuva hagati ya metero 24.000 kugeza kuri metero 37.000, hejuru y’ikirere kigurukiramo indege z’ubucuruzi- ni mu gihe indege zisanzwe zitajya ziguruka ngo zirenge ahareshwa na metero 12.000.
Kuki rero kwifashisha imitaka itata aho gukoresha ibyogajuru ?
“Mu binyacumi by’imyaka biheruka, ibyogajuru byari ibikoresho bikaze bihambaye. Ibyogajuru byari cyo gisubizo,” John Blaxland, porofeseri wigisha umutekano mpuzamahanga n’ibyigwa by’ubutasi muri Kaminuza y’Igihugu ya Australia, akaba n’umwanditsi w’igitabo cyitwa Revealing Secrets [Nsohore Amabanga].
Icyakora ubu ubwo hari intangarumuri (lasers) n’intwaro zitwarwa n’ingufu ziva hanze yazo (kinetic weapons) zirimo zivumburwa ngo zijye zirasa ibyogajuru, ubu ikoreshwa ry’imitaka risa noneho n’aho rikenerwa kurusha uko byahoze. Ni byo ntitanga ku kigero kimwe ubutasi bw’igihe kirekire nk’ibyogajuru gusa biroroshye kuyigarura byihuse ku butaka, kandi irahendutse kuyohereza mu kirere.
Kohereza icyogajuru mu isanzure, ukenera space launcher – igikoresho kigura amamiliyoni y’amadolari. Imitaka ishobora kandi kureba ifotora [scan] ubuso buruseho bw’ahantu iherereye ku butumburuke bwo hasi kandi ikamara igihe kirekire kiruseho ahantu hagenwe kuko igenda ku muvuduko muto ugereranije n’ibyogajuru, nk’uko raporo yo mu 2019 yakorewe US air force’s Air Command and Staff College, ni Ishuri ryigisha Abayobozi b’Ingabo za Amerika zirwanira mu kirere.
Ni ryari yakoreshejwe bwa mbere ?
Abafaransa mu mateka azwi ni bo bazwi nk’abakoresheje bwa mbere imitaka y’ibutasi, byatangirijwe mu Rugamba rwa Fleurus barwana n’ingabo za Otirishe ndetse n’Ubuholandi mu 1794, mu ntambara zo mu bihe by’impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa. Zakoreshejwe kandi muri za 1860, mu ntambara ya rubanda rwa America ubwo abitwa Union men bari mu mitaka yo mu mwuka ushyushye, indebakure ziteguwe, bageragezaga gukusanya amakuru yerekeye ibikorwa bya Conference bari kure. Bohereje ibimenyetso inyuma biciye mu mvugo izimijwe iziranyweho ya morse code cyangwa “agace k’urupapuro gahambiriye ku ibuye,” ni ko Blaxland avuga.
Amerika yabyukije iki gitekerezo mu myaka ya vuba aha, gusa bigasa n’aho ikoresha iyi mitaka ku butaka bwa US.
“[Kugurutsa imitaka itata] Mu kirere cy’undi muntu, usabwa kwaka uruhushya n’uburenganzira. Cyangwa se wabikora [nta ruhushya] ukaba witeze ko bitazakirwa neza,” ni ko Blaxland avuga.
Pentagon ubwayo yavuze mu itangazo ryayo rigufi ku wa gatanu ko: “ibintu nk’ibi by’ibikorwa by’umutaka byagiye bigaragara hambere mu myaka myinshi ishize.”
Craig Singleton, inzobere y’Usinwa wo muri Foundation for Defence Secretaries, yabwiye Reuters ko imitaka nk’iriya yari yarakoreshejwe cyane na Leta Zunze za Amerika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti mu gihe cy’intambara y’ubutita kandi bwari uburyo buhendutse bukusanya amakuru y’ubutasi.
Kuki Ubushinwa burimo gukora ibi ? ’
Blaxland avuga ko bidasa n’aho Abashinwa bitegaga ko bavumburwa: gufatwa byashoboka ko byari yo ntego yabo, mu bitekerezo babyitezemo inyungu ebyiri. Impamvu ya mbere uyu mutaka woherejwe mu kirere, Braxland atekereza ko byari ugukoza isoni US, ndetse byaba ngombwa mu kwicisha inyoni ebyiri ibuye rimwe ukaba wagira amakuru y’ubutasi ufata mu rugendo rwawo.
Ati “Biragoye gutekereza uko baba baratekereje ko itari bushobore kubonwa. Ikirere cya Amerika ni ikintu kigenzurwa cyane mu buryo hirindwa udukosa nubwo twaba duto dute, kikagenzurwa n’abategetsi b’ingendo z’indege za gisivili za US, n’igisirikare cya US kirwanira mu kirere, ishami rya gisirikare rya US ryita ku isanzure, abashinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’iteganyagihe- ni ikirere kigenzurwa cyane peee!”
Impamvu ya kabiri ni ukugira ngo bamenyeshe US ko Ubushinwa bumaze igihe bwibitseho mu buryo bw’ibanga ikoranabuhanga rya kera kandi ko bwagiye burivugurura bukarijyanisha n’aho ibihe bigana.
“Inzego z’umutekano z’Ubushinwa zizwiho kuba ibyatwa ku muco wo kwigana ibyo abandi bakora. Niinyamibwa, inyamibwa cyane ariko mu gushyiraho icyo ikoranabuhanga ari cyo noneho no kuryigana bakarikora ukundi bashaka.” Ni Blaxland uvuga ibi.
Ni ikibazo cy’Ubushinwa cyo kubwira Amerika ngo “icyo mwakora, twagikora neza kubarusha,” kandi “ako ni “agatonyanga mu nyanja’’, ni ko Blaxland avuga. Ugutata k’Ubushinwa kuba ku “rwego rw’inganda”, hamwe n’utuntu tw’ubutasi bukusanywa hanyuma bugasakarizwa mu nzira zitabarika. Ibi, byose hamwe, birema amafoto agaragaraza igikenewe cyose wakwifuza kumenya.
Alexander Neill, umusesenguzi ku bibazo by’umutekano, uba muri Singapore yabwiye Reuters ko mu gihe umutaka wasaga n’aho ugiye guteza amakimbirane mashya hagati ya US n’Ubushinwa, birashoboka ko wafashwe nk’uw’ agaciro gake k’ubutasi ugereranije n’ubutunzi bw’intwaro za gisirikare zigezweho Ubushinwa bufite mu bubiko.
“Ubushinwa bwifitiye uruhuri rw’ibyogajuru by’ubutasi n’ibya gisirikare bikomeye kandi bifite agaciro ndetse bihambaye mu rwego rwo kureba US, rero bisa n’ukuri ku kigero cyo hejuru ndamutse ntekereje ko inyungu yo mu butasi [bwajyaga gukura kuri urya mutaka] idahambaye,” Neil unakora bidahoraho muri Hawaii Pacific Forum ni we uvuga ibyo.
Ni iki twakwitega ejo hazaza haduhishiye ?
“Nta mbibi ku bwoko ubwo bwaba bwose bw’ikoranabuhanga wagumaho ku ndiba y’umutaka,” ni ko Blaxland avuga.
“Igikomeye cyo kwitabwaho hano ni ubitaka bwo hejuru hisumbuyeho. Abahanga mu kugena ingamba n’abakora ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare bavuga ibyo kugenzura bakaba ari bo bafite ijambo kurusha abandi ku kibuga cyo hejuru.”
“Kandi muri iyi minsi n’igisekuru turimo, iki cyabaye isanzure. Mu isanzure ubu, kuba ryakwirundirwamo ndetse bisa n’aho rihiganirwa, ahantu heguru hitaruye ikirere, mu kirere cyo hejuru cyane haje guhindukamo ubwaho igikoresho gishya cyane kandi cy’ingenzi mu butasi mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ubunetsi twari twaratekereje ko bwarenzweho kandi bigaragara ko bugaruka, aho bugeze mu rwego rwagati,” ni ko avuga.
Iradukunda Fidele Samson
