Abakerarugendo baturutse mu bihugu bibarirwa muri za mirongo harimo n’Ubwongereza bashobora kujya basabwa gutanga raporo yuko bakoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga zabo mu myaka itanu iheruka, nka kimwe mu bigenderwaho mu kwinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, nkuko byatangajwe mu cyifuzo gishya cy’abategetsi b’Amerika.
Uburyo bushya buzagira ingaruka ku bantu baturuka mu bihugu bibarirwa muri mirongo byemerewe kumara iminsi 90 muri Amerika nta ’visa’ (uruhushya rwo kwinjira mu kindi gihugu), nyuma yo kuzuza ibisabwa bakoresheje ifishi izwi nka Electronic System for Travel (ESTA).
Kuva yasubira ku butegetsi mu kwezi kwa mbere, Perezida Donad Trump yashize imbaraga mu gukaza amategeko agenga imipaka muri rusange, avuga ko agamije kurinda umutekano w’igihugu.
Abasesenguzi kuri iyi gahunda nshya, bavuga ko ibi bishobora kuba inzitizi ku bashobora gusura iki gihugu, cyangwa bikangiza uburenganzira bwabo ku mikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga.
Abajijwe niba iki gitekerezo kidashobora gutuma ubukerarugendo bwo muri Amerika bugabanuka cyane, Trump yavuze ko ibyo nta mpungenge bimuteye.
Ku wa gatatu, Trump yagize ati: "Oya. Tumeze neza cyane."
"Turashaka gusa ko abantu baza hano, kandi bakaza batekanye. Turashaka umutekano."
"Turashaka gutuma tutemerera abantu batabikwiye kwinjira mu gihugu cyacu."
Amerika yiteze kwakira umubare munini w’abakerarugendo b’abanyamahanga umwaka utaha, kuko izakira igikombe cy’isi cy’umupira w’amaguru cy’abagabo, kizabera muriAmerika, Canadana Mexique. Amerika izakira n’imikino ya Olempike izabera i Los Angeles mu mwaka wa 2028.
Inyandiko ikubiyemo icyo cyifuzo yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’igihugu (Department of Homeland Security: DHS) hamwe n’ishami ryacyo rya gasutamo n’ubugenzuzi bw’imipaka (Customs and Border Protection: CBP).
Yasohotse mu igazeti ya leta y’Amerika, ikinyamakuru cya leta ya Amerika.
Icyo cyifuzo kivuga ko "ikigize amakuru kizasaba abasaba ESTA gutanga imbuga nkoranyambaga bakoresheje mu myaka 5 ishize", ariko nta yandi makuru arambuye yatanzwe kuri ibyo bizasabwa.
ESTA isanzwe isaba amakuru macye ugereranyije ku bantu bakora ingendo, ndetse harebwa n’ubwishyu bw’amadorari 40 (arenga 58,000 FRW). ESTA ikoreshwa n’abaturage b’ibihugu bigera hafi kuri 40 birimo Ubwongereza, Ireland, Ubufaransa, Australia n’Ubuyapani kandi ibemerera gusura Amerika incuro nyinshi mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri.
Uretse gukusanya amakuru y’imbuga nkoranyambaga, inyandiko nshya iteganya no gukusanya nimero za telefoni z’usaba ’visa’ mu myaka itanu ishize, ndetse na za ’email’ yakoreshaga mu myaka 10 ishize, hakiyongeraho n’amakuru menshi ku bagize umuryango we.
Icyo gitekerezo gishingira ku itegeko rya Perezida Trump ryasohotse mu kwezi kwa mbere, ryitwa "kurinda Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku banyamahanga bakora iterabwoba n’izindi nkeke ku mutekano w’igihugu n’umutekano rusange" (Protecting the United States From Foreign Terrorists and Other National Security and Public Safety Threats).
Icyo cyifuzo gishya kijyanye no gukusanya amakuru ya ESTA ku bakerarugendo gisaba abaturage kugira icyo babivugaho mu gihe cy’iminsi 60.
Mu itangazo, umuhuzabikorwa wa CBP yagize ati:
"Nta kintu cyahindutse kuri uru rwego ku baza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika."
"Ibi si itegeko ntakuka, ni intangiriro gusa yo gutangiza ikiganiro ku mahitamo mashya ya politiki yo kurinda abaturage b’Amerika."
Sophia Cope, wo mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikoranabuhanga witwa ’Electronic Frontier Foundation’, yanenze iki gitekerezo, abwira ikinyamakuru the New York Times ko icyo gitekerezo gishobora "guhuhura ibyago ku burenganzira".
Hagati aho, sosiyete y’abanyamategeko bunganira abimukira yitwa Fragomen yumvikanishije ko hashobora kubaho ingaruka mu buryo bw’imikorere, kuko abasaba ’visa’ bashobora gutinda kubona ibyemezo bya ESTA.
Ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwari bwatangaje mbere ko buzagenzura konti z’imbuga nkoranyambaga mu gihe bugenzura abanyamahanga basaba ’visa’ z’abanyeshuri cyangwa ’visa’ za H-1B zigenewe abakozi bafite ubumenyi bwihariye.
Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Amerika yavuze ko izakora isuzuma ry’ "ubusangizanyamakuru bwo kuri interineti" (online presence) ku basaba ’visa’ n’abo bari kumwe (dependants), kandi ko igenamiterere ry’ihishamamakuru kuri konti zose z’imbuga nkoranyambaga rigomba gushyirwa "ku karubanda" kugira ngo iri suzuma ribashe gukorwa.
BBC
