Hari mu 2022, Cai yari afite imyaka 16, arimo kureba kuri telephone ye. Avuga ko imwe muri video za mbere yabonye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga yari iy’imbwa nziza. Ariko nyuma ibintu byarahindutse.
Avuga ko yagiye kubona abona bamuhaye video ashobora kureba y’umuntu ugongwa n’imodoka, n’umugabo uvuga ibitekerezo byibasira abagore, nyuma na video ngufi z’imirwano. Yisanze arimo kwibaza ngo – kuki njyewe?
Tujye i Dublin muri Ireland, Andrew Kaung yakoraga nk’umusesenguzi ku ikoreshwa rya TikTok, akazi yakoze amezi 19 kuva mu Ukuboza(12) 2020 kugeza hagati mu 2022.
Avuga ko we n’uwo bakoranaga biyemeje kugenzura ibyo abakoresha uru rubuga mu Bwongereza ‘algorithms’ zarwo zibashishikariza (recommend) kureba, abo barimo n’abafite imyaka 16.
Socia media algorithm’ ni ubuhanga bwa mudasobwa bukoreshwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga mu kubara no guhuza ibyo umuntu akora kuri izo mbuga maze zigashyira (recommend) ‘content’ runaka kuri ‘feeds’ yawe ushobora kuba wareba.
Mbere ho igihe kitari kinini, yakoreraga kompanyi mukeba wa TikTok ya Meta, iyi ni yo nyiri Facebook na Instagram, izindi mbuga Cai n’urundi rubyiruko rwinshi rukoresha.
Ubwo Andrew yarebaga muri ‘content’ ya TikTok, yatewe ubwoba no kubona uburyo abahungu bamwe b’ingimbi berekwa ‘posts’ zirimo urugomo rukabije, amashusho y’urukozasoni (pornographie), n’ibitekerezo byo byibasira abagore, nk’uko abibwira BBC.
Avuga ko, muri rusange, abakobwa b’abangavu bo bashishikarizwa kureba ibintu bitandukanye, bigendanye n’ibyo nabo bakunda.
TikTok n’izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga, zikoresha Artificial Intelligence (AI) mu gusiba ‘content’ nyinshi cyane no kuburira kuri zimwe na zimwe kugira ngo abakozi bashinzwe kuyungurura bazirebeho.
Ariko AI ntabwo ibasha kumenya no gutandukanya ibintu byose.
Andrew Kaung avuga ko mu gihe yakoraga kuri TiTok, videos zose zasibwe cyangwa zashyizweho ikirango cyo kuburira kugira ngo abakozi babishinzwe bazirebeho - bikozwe na AI cyangwa bisabwe n’abakoresha izo mbuga – zarebwagaho mu buryo bwite ari uko gusa zimaze kugira umubare runaka w’abazirebye.
Avuga ko icyo gihe zabaga zagize nibura 10,000 ‘views’ cyangwa hejuru. Avuga ko abona ko bamwe mu bakiri bato bakoresha izi mbuga bamwe izo videos babaga bamaze kuzibona.
Kompanyi nyinshi z’imbuga nkoranyambaga zemerera abazijyaho kuba nibura bafite imyaka 13 kuzamura.
TikTok ivuga ko 99% bya ‘content’ isiba iba irenze ku mategeko yayo, kandi ikurwaho na AI cyangwa abantu bayungurura mbere y’uko igera kuri 10,000 ‘views’. Ivuga kandi ko ifata ingamba zo kugenzura mbere n’ayandi mashusho atarageza kuri izo ‘views’.
Ubwo yakoraga muri Meta hagati ya 2019 na 2020, Andrew Kaung avuga ko hari ikindi kibazo. Avuga ko, mu gihe nyinshi muri video zakurwagaho cyangwa AI ikaburira kuri zo, urwo rubuga rwacungiraga ahanini kuri videos zigaragajwe n’abakoresha uru rubuga bamaze kubona ko ari mbi.
Avuga ko yavuze ibi bibazo ubwo yakoreraga izi kompanyi, ariko akenshi ntihagire icyo babikoraho, cyane cyane kubera, nk’uko abivuga, ingano nini y’akazi bisaba n’ikiguzi cyako.
Gusa avuga ko kuva ubwo hari impinduka nziza zagiye zibaho kuri TikTok na Meta, gusa ko hagati aho urubyiruko nka Cai rwakomeje kubona amabi.
Benshi mu bahoze bakorera kompanyi z’imbuga nkoranyambaga babwiye BBC ko impungenge za Andrew Kaung ari ibintu bihoraho babonaga kandi na bo bazi.
‘Algorithms’ zo ku zindi kompanyi nini z’imbuga nkoranyambaga zigenda zishishikariza (recommend) ‘content’ mbi ku bana, kandi “kompanyi zirabyihorera zigakomeza gufata abana nk’abantu bakuru” nk’uko bivugwa na Almudena Lara wo mu kigo Ofcom cy’ubugenzuzi mu Bwongereza.
Uko ibyo bareba bihindura imitekerereze yabo
TikTok yabwiye BBC ko ifite uburyo “buri imbere muri uru ruganda” bwo kugenzura ibirebwa n’urubyiruko, kandi ifite abakozi barenga 40,000 bo kugenzura ko abantu bareba ibintu bitabangiza.
Ivuga ko uyu mwaka gusa iteganya gushora “hejuru ya miliyari 2$ mu buziranenge”, kandi ko 98% bya ‘content’ isiba iba yazibonye mbere y’uko zikwirakwira henshi.
Meta, nyiri Instagram na Facebook, ivuga ko ifite ‘tools’ zirenga 50 n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gufasha abangavu n’ingimbi “kubona gusa ibigendanye n’imyaka yabo” kuri izo mbuga.
Cai yabwiye BBC ko yagerageje kwandikira TikTok na Instagram ko atifuza kubona ‘content’ z’urugomo no kwibasira abagore – ariko ‘algorithms’ z’izi mbuga zakomeje kuzimuzanira kuri ‘feed’ ye ngo abe yazireba.
Ati: “Ubona ifoto maze bikakunanira kuyisiba mu mutwe wawe. Yihoma ku bwonko bwawe. Nuko ukayitekerezaho uwo munsi wose”
Abakobwa azi b’ikigero cye bo bagiye bakangurirwa izindi ngingo nka muzika, iby’ubwiza nka ‘make-up’ (maquillage), aho kwerekwa amashusho y’urugomo, nk’uko abivuga.
Hagati aho, Cai ubu ugize imyaka 18, avuga ko agikomeje kwerekwa ziriya ‘content’ z’urugomo no kwibasira abagore kuri Instagram na TikTok.
Cai avuga ko hari videos yabonye zifite ‘likes’ zirenga miliyoni zishobora gukurura cyane ab’ikigero cye.
Urugero, avuga ko umwe mu nshuti ze yisanze akunda ‘content’ y’umwe mu bavuga rikumvwa (influencer) w’ibitekerezo bihejeje inguni- nyuma agatangira kwemera ibitekerezo byibasira abagore.
Inshuti ye “yageze kure”, nk’uko Cai abivuga. “Yatangiye kuvuga ibintu bibi ku bagore. Ubu ni nk’aho ubu ugomba kubanza gupima neza ubumuntu bw’inshuti yawe”.
Cai avuga ko yashyize igitekerezo kuri ‘post’ avuga ko atayikunze, maze ubwo yakandaga ‘like’ by’impanuka kuri video nk’izo, yagerageje kubihagarika yizeye ko bisubiza ‘algorithms’ uko yari imeze, ariko byatumye arushaho kubona video nk’izo nyinshi kuri ‘feed’ ye.
Ubundi ‘algorthims’ za TikTok zikora zite ?
Ku bwa Andrew Kaung, ‘algorthim’ ihera ku byo ukora ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, byiza cyangwa bibi. Ibyo byasobanura impamvu umuhate wa Cai wo gusubiza inyuma ibintu wanze.
Intambwe ya mbere ku bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga iyo wiyandikishaho ni ukukubaza bimwe mu byo ukunda, no kwerekana bimwe mu byo bigushishikaza iyo ukanze ‘like’. Aho niho ‘algorithm’ ikoreshwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga ihera ikwereka ibintu bitandukanye.
TikTok ivuga ko ‘algorithms’ zayo zidashingira ku gitsina (gender) cy’umuntu, ariko Andrew avuga ko ibyo urubyiruko ruvuga ko rukunda iyo rwiyandikisha kuri izi mbuga kenshi bigira uruhare mu byo rwereka bahereye ku gitsina (gabo cyangwa gore) cyabo.
Uyu wahoze akora kuri TikTok avuga ko umuhungu w’imyaka 16 ashobora guhita yerekwa ‘content’ y’urugomo “akihagera”, kuko aba bahungu b’ingimbi baba bagaragaje ko bakunda amashusho yo muri ubwo bwoko, nk’imirwano ya UFC n’ibindi.
Andrew Kaung avuga ko byose biba biteguye ku buryo werekwa video n’izindi ‘content’ zituma umara umwanya munini ureba, ukaba washyiraho igitekerezo, cyangwa ugakora ‘like’ – maze ugakomeza kubona izindi nka zo kandi ugakomeza kugaruka kuri uru rubuga.
“For You Page”, ni ‘algorithm’ ishishikariza (recommend) abantu ‘content’ runaka kuri TiTok, ariko ntabwo buri gihe ibasha gutandukanya ‘content’ mbi n’itari mbi.
Andrew avuga ko kimwe mu bibazo yabonye agikora kuri TiTok ari uko ikipe ishinzwe gukora ‘coding’ no gutoza ‘algorithm’ yaho itari izi neza ubwoko bwa video iyo ‘algorithm’ yashishikarizaga abantu kureba.
Ati: “Babona gusa umubare w’abazirebye, imyaka, ibyo bakunda, bene izo ‘data’ zifatika. Ntabwo biba ari ngombwa ko bareba iyo ‘content’.”
Ni yo mpamvu mu 2022, we na mugenzi we biyemeje kureba mu bwoko bwa video zashishikarizwaga abakoresha uru rubuga, barimo n’abafite imyaka 16.
Avuga ko bari batewe impungenge n’uko ‘content’ mbi irimo kwerekwa urubyiruko, maze basaba TiTok ko igomba guhindura uburyo bwayo bwo kuyungurura ‘content’ yereka abantu.
Bifuzaga ko TiTok ishyira ibimenyetso bigaragara kuri video kugira ngo uhakora wese abashe kubona ubwoko bwazo – imbi cyane, izuzuye urugomo, amashusho y’urukozasoni – no guha akazi abakozi benshi kurushaho bakora akazi ko kuyungurura bazobereye muri ibi. Andrew avuga ko icyo gihe ibyo basabye byanzwe.
TikTok ivuga ko icyo gihe yari ifite inzobere mu kuyungurura, kandi uko yagiye ikura, yagiye izana n’izindi. Ivuga kandi ko itandukanya amoko ya ‘content’ itari nziza – kugira ngo abakora ako kazi bazibone neza.
’Gusaba igisamagwe ngo ntikikurye’
Andrew Kaung avuga ko imbere muri TiTok na Meta byari bigoye cyane gukora impinduka zari zikenewe.
Ati: “Turimo gusaba kompanyi yigenga ifite intego yo guteza imbere ibyo igurisha ngo yigenzure ubwayo, ibyo ni nko gusaba igisamagwe ngo ntikikurye”.
Avuga kandi ko atekereza ko ubuzima bw’abana, abangavu n’ingimbi, bwaba bwiza kurushaho baramutse bahagaritse gukoresha ‘smartphones’.
Ariko kuri Cai, guhagarika telephone cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga ku bangavu n’ingimbi si cyo gisubizo. Telephone ye ayihuza n’ubuzima bwe – ni uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kuganira (chat) n’inshuti ze, kumuyobora amayira, no kwishyura ibintu bitandukanye.
Ahubwo yifuza ko kompanyi zifite ziriya mbuga nkoranyambaga zumva kurushaho ibyo ab’ikigero cye bashaka kubona.
Ati: “Mbona ari nkaho kompanyi z’imbuga nkoranyambaga zitubaha ibitekerezo byacu, icyo bitayeho ni ukwinjiza amafaranga.”
BBC
