Ni iki twakura mu nyandiko z’ibanga zibarirwa muri za mirongo za minisiteri y’ingabo y’Amerika - zirimo amakarita, ibishushanyo n’amafoto - ubu zirimo guhererekanywa ku mbuga za internet?
Izi nyandiko ziriho ingengabihe n’impine y’amagambo yo mu gisirikare agoye kumenya igisobanuro cyayo, zimwe zanditseho ngo "ibanga rikomeye", zitanga ishusho y’uko intambara imeze muri Ukraine.
Zivuga ku mubare w’abishwe n’abakomeretse ku mpande zombi, aho igisirikare cya buri ruhande gifite intege nkeya ndetse, by’ingenzi cyane, uko imbaraga zazo zizaba zingana muri rusange ubwo Ukraine izaba ifashe icyemezo cyo kugaba igitero kimaze igihe gitegerejwe cyo muri iki gihe cy’urugaryi (printemps/spring).
Ni ukuhe kuri ko muri izi paji zanditswe n’imashini, zirambuye zanafotowe, bishoboka ko ziri ku meza yo kuriraho y’umuntu runaka? N’iki se zitubwira, cyangwa zibwira ibiro bya perezida w’Uburusiya (Kremlin), tutari dusanzwe tuzi?
Ibyo wamenya mbere na mbere: Aya ni yo makuru y’ibanga y’Amerika ya mbere menshi atangajwe ajyanye n’intambara yo muri Ukraine kuva Uburusiya bugabye igitero kuri Ukraine mu mezi 14 ashize. Zimwe mu nyandiko zimaze ibyumweru bitandatu, ariko icyo zivuze ni kinini cyane.
Abategetsi bo mu biro bikuru by’ingabo z’Amerika - Pentagon - basubiwemo bavuga ko izi nyandiko ari iz’ukuri.
Amakuru ari ku rwandiko nibura rumwe muri zo agaragara ko yahinduwe cyane mu rwandiko rwatangajwe nyuma yaho, ariko mu murundo w’inyandiko 100, ibyo bisa nkaho ari akantu gatoya.
BBC yabonye inyandiko zirenga 20 muri izo. Zirimo nk’amakuru arambuye ajyanye n’imyitozo hamwe n’ibikoresho birimo guhabwa Ukraine, muri iki gihe iri gukora imitwe mishya y’ingabo yo gukoresha mu gitero gishobora gutangira mu byumweru biri imbere.
Ivuga igihe iyo mitwe y’ingabo (brigades) izaba yamaze kwitegura ndetse n’intonde z’ibifaru by’intambara, imodoka z’intambara n’amasasu y’imbunda za rutura ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika birimo guha Ukraine.
Ariko ivuga ko "igihe cy’itangwa ry’ibikoresho kizagira ingaruka ku myitozo no ku kuba yamaze kwitegura".
Ikarita imwe iriho "ingengabihe ahari icyondo", isuzuma uko ibintu bimeze ku butaka mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine mu gihe urugaryi rukomeje.
Nyuma y’igihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi cyashegeshe ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere bwa Ukraine, hari n’isesengura rikomeye ry’ukuntu ubushobozi bwa Ukraine bw’ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere burimo kugabanuka, mu gihe Ukraine irimo gushaka kuringaniza ubushobozi bwayo bucye kugira ngo irinde abasivile, ibikorwa-remezo by’ingenzi cyane ndetse n’abasirikare bayo bari ku rugamba.
Ibishya muri ibi bingana gute?
Amakuru menshi yo muri izi nyandiko asanzwe azwi. Itandukaniro ni uko yatangajwe ku bwinshi, kandi yose akaba ari ahantu hamwe.
Nk’urugero, tuvuge ku mubare w’abishwe n’abakomeretse. Ntibitangaje cyane kumenya ko Amerika igereranya ko hagati y’abasirikare 189,500 na 223,000 b’Uburusiya bishwe cyangwa bakomeretse.
Ingano y’abasirikare ba Ukraine bishwe cyangwa bakomeretse - bari hagati ya 124,500 na 131,000 - na yo ihuye n’imibare y’igereranya abategetsi b’Amerika babwiye abanyamakuru mu byumweru bya vuba aha bishize.
Ku mpande zombi, Pentagon ivuga ko ifite "icyizere kiri hasi" kuri iyo mibare, bitewe n’ibyuho (icyuho) biri mu makuru, adatangazwa ku mpamvu z’umutekano ndetse n’amagerageza akozwe ku bushake - bishoboka ko akorwa n’impande zombi - agamije gutanga amakuru ayobya.
By’umwihariko, aha ni na ho hantu hakozwe amagerageza yo guhindura inyandiko kugira ngo bigaragare ko Ukraine ari yo irimo gutakaza abasirikare benshi cyane hamwe n’abakomeretse.
Inyandiko yatangajwe nyuma ku rubuga rwo kuri Telegram rubogamiye ku Burusiya yakuyeho umubare w’abasirikare ba Ukraine "biciwe ku rugamba" (bari hagati ya "16,000 - 17,500") ibasimbuza abo mu gice cy’Uburusiya kuri iyo nyandiko, ari na ko ibusanya (ihinduranya) iyo mibare mu gice cya Ukraine kugira ngo abasirikare bayo bishwe hamwe n’abakomeretse babe hagati ya "61,000 - 71,500".
Ibi byose bikaba bitugejeje ko ku kwibaza uwatangaje izi nyandiko z’ibanga, kandi ni iki cyabimuteye?
’Akira, dore zimwe mu nyandiko z’ibanga zatangajwe’
Inkuru y’ukuntu izi nyandiko zageze ku rubuga rwo kohererezanyaho ubutumwa rwa Discord, ku rwa 4Chan no ku rubuga rwa Telegram, yamaze kuvugwa na Aric Toler, wo mu kigo Bellingcat gitangaza amakuru y’icukumbura gihereye ku byantajwe ku karubanda.
Toler avuga ko bitarashoboka gutahura umuntu wa mbere watangaje ayo makuru y’ibanga, ariko avuga ko yagaragaye bwa mbere ku rubuga rwo kohererezanyo ubutumwa rukunze rukoreshwa n’abakina imikino yo mu ikoranabuhanga (gamers), hari mu ntangiriro ya Werurwe (3).
Ku itariki ya 4 Werurwe, nyuma yo kujya impaka ku rubuga Dicord ku ntambara yo muri Ukraine, ku bubiko (server) bw’urwo rubuga rukoreshwa n’abakina umukino wo kuri mudasobwa uzwi nka Minecraft, umwe mu bakoresha urwo rubuga yaranditse ati: "akira, dore zimwe mu nyandiko z’ibanga zatangajwe", mbere yuko atangaza inyandiko 10.
Ni uburyo budasanzwe, ariko butari ubwa mbere, bwo gutangaza inyandiko z’ibanga.
Mu 2019, mbere y’amatora rusange yo mu Bwongereza, inyandiko zijyanye n’umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n’Ubwongereza zagaragaye ku mbuga Reddit, 4Chan n’izindi.
Icyo gihe, Reddit yavuze ko izo nyandiko zitaburagamo ibice zari zavuye mu Burusiya.
Urundi rugero, rwo mu mwaka ushize, ni ighe abakinnyi b’umukino wo ku rubuga rwa internet uzwi nka War Thunder bakomeje kugenda batangaza inyandiko za gisirikare zirimo amakuru akomeye, bisa nkaho babikoraga mu rwego rwo kugira ngo umwe yemeze abandi mu mpaka bari barimo kujya.
Izi nyandiko z’ibanga zatangajwe zirakomeye kurushaho, kandi zishobora kugira ibyo zangiza.
Ukraine yakomeje kurinda bikomeye "amakuru yagira ibyo yangiza ku mutekano" ndetse ntishobora kwishimira ko inyandiko nk’izo z’amakuru akomeye zagiye ahagaragara muri iki gihe cy’ingenzi.
Igitero cya Ukraine cyo muri uru rugaryi gishobora kuba igihe cyo gupfa cyangwa gukira kuri leta ya Perezida Volodymyr Zelensky kugira ngo ihindure uko ibintu bimeze ku rugamba ndetse nyuma yaho ishobore gushyiraho ibisabwa kugira ngo ibiganiro by’amahoro bibe.
Mu murwa mukuru Kyiv, abategetsi bavuze ko iki gishobora kuba ari igikorwa cy’amakuru atari ukuri yatangajwe ku bushake agamije kuyobya cyakozwe n’Uburusiya.
Abandi batangaza amakuru ya gisirikare ku mbuga za internet bumvikanisha ikinyuranyo cy’ibyo: ko ibi byose biri mu mugambi w’uburengerazuba (Uburayi n’Amerika) wo kuyobya abakuru b’ingabo (ba komanda) z’Uburusiya.
By’umwihariko, nta kintu na kimwe mu nyandiko z’ibanga zimaze gutangazwa kugeza ubu kiganisha ku cyerekezo cyangwa ku gusubira inyuma kw’igitero cya Ukraine cyo kugarukana (kwigaranzura) Uburusiya.
Kremlin igomba kuba yaramaze kumenya ingano y’imyiteguro ya Ukraine (nubwo ubutasi bw’Uburusiya bwagiye bugaragaramo amakosa muri iyi ntambara), ariko Kyiv icyeneye gutuma umwanzi wayo akomeza gutomboza ku kuntu igitero cyayo kizagenda, kugira ngo igire amahirwe menshi cyane ashoboka yuko kizagenda neza.
BBC
