Muri Gicurasi mu 1925, hari inkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’i Paris ivuga uburyo Umunara wa Eiffel [Tour Eiffel] wari mu manegeka ; uri hafi gusenyuka. Nyuma y’imyaka 30 isaga uyu munara ushinzwe i Paris, ukaba kugeza ubu ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza bw’uyu mujyi, byarabonekaga neza cyane ko wari ukeneye gusanwa kandi ku kiguzi gihanitse. Mu nkuru y’iki kinyamakuru byavugwaga ko Leta y’Ubufaransa yo yabonaga ko byari kuba bihendutse gusenya Eiffel aho kuyisana.
Abenshi mu basomye iyo nkuru bashobora kuba baravuze bati “C’est la vie” nuko bakikomereza. Nyamara Victor Lustig we ntiyari nka rubanda bandi bose basanzwe. Yari umutekamitwe ruharwa wa mbere ku isi muri ibyo bihe. Akimara gusoma iyi nkuru, yagize igitekerezo cy’umutwe ukomeye yashoboraga guteka akahakura akayabo atari yarigeze abona mu mitwe yose yari yarahishije.
Lustig wari waravukiye muri Repubuka ya Czech- azi kuvuga no kwandika neza indimi eshanu, afite kandi amazina y’utubyiniriro arenga 20, akamenya kuryoshya akarimi bitarabaho- yari amaze imyaka atekera abantu imitwe akabacucura amafaranga n’indi mitungo yabo. Yatangiriye uyu mwuga we mubisha mu mato yabaga atwaye abagenzi ariko b’abakire.
Ikinyamakuru Mentalfloss dukesha iyi nkuru cyayihaye umutwe ugira uti " Smooth Operator: How Con Man "Count" Victor Lustig Sold The Eiffel Tower—Twice". Batangaza ko bumwe mu buryo yakoreshaga cyane kwari ukubeshya ko ari umuyobozi w’inzu itunganya ikanacuruza umuziki yitwaga ‘Broadway musicals’, maze uwo yumvise ko yari afite umugambi wo gushora amafaranga mu muziki akamwemeza kuyashora mu mishinga mu by’ukuri ya baringa. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1925, Lustig yari yaramaze gushyirirwaho impapuro zimuta muri yombi zirenga 40, anahigwa kandi n’inzego z’ubucamanza bw’ibihugu bitandukanye byo mu isi.
Victor Lustig (hagati) wari umutekamutwe mpuzamahanga
UKO YATETSE UMUTWE KU MUNARA WA EIFFEL
Nta na rimwe Lustig yajyaga mu butekamutwe atabanje gukora ubushakashatsi ngo anitegure neza. I Paris, icya mbere yakoze ni uguhimba ibyangombwa by’Umuyobozi wungirije muri Minisiteri y’Amaposita na za Telegarafu aramwiyitirira. Amaze gukora ibi, yandikiye amabaruwa abacuruzi batanu bakomeye bakoraga mu bucuruzi bw’ibyuma bishaje bitagikoreshwa mu mujyi wa Paris. Muri aya mabaruwa, atarasa ku ntego ariko asomeka nk’ayanditswe n’umutegetsi koko, Lustig yasabye buri umwe muri muri aba bacuruzi guhurira na we mu ihoteli nziza cyane y’i Paris ngo baganire ku ngingo yihutirwaga cyane.
Nyuma yo kunywa no kurya, Lustig yabwiraga aba bashoramari ko Leta yari yafashe umwanzuro wo gushyira hasi Umunara wa Eiffel, ibi bikaba byari gutuma hagurishwa toni 7000 z’ibyuma ku wari kuba yapiganwe atanga menshi kurusha abandi.
Kuri ibi, yibutsaga abashyitsi be ko uyu munara wubatswe ngo ube umuryango wo kwinjiriramo ku bitabiriye Imurikagurisha ry’Isi ryo mu 1889, ko mu by’ukuri utagombaga kubaho iteka ryose.
Mu kubacengezamo neza iki gitekerezo, Lustig yasubiragamo amagambo ya Alexander Dumas,wari warigeze kwita uyu Munara “inyubako y’igitutsi’’ ndetse na Guy de Maupassant wavuze ati “ Ni iki bazatekereza ku gisekuru cyacu koko nitudasenya iyi piramide iteye ishozi kureba?’’
Lustig aganiriza aba bacuruzi, yabaga yasazwe n’amarangamutima, akavuga mu ijwi rituje cyane n’akababaro kenshi asobanura ko ikiguzi cyo gusana no gukomeza guhagarika uyu munara ku butaka cyari kinini bikabije. Aha ariko akavuga ko icyemezo Leta yari yafashe cyo kuwusenya kitari cyavuzweho rumwe bityo ko cyagombaga kuguma ari ibanga. Aba bacuruzi inkuru barayumvise irabacengera ariko baryumaho.
Nyuma y’iminsi mike, aba bashoramari batanze ibiciro by’ipiganwa. Gusa Lustig we yari yamaze guhitamo uwaguye mu mutego we: André Poisson. Lustig yamenyesheje Poisson ko yari yatsindiye isoko ryo kugura amatoni y’ibyuma byari bushyirwe hasi nyuma y’aho Umunara wa Eiffel wari kuba warambikiwe hasi. Icyakora harimo akabazo gato. Lustig yavuze ko mu gihe abakozi ba leta nka we ubwe bari abantu bakwiye kuba bambara neza ndetse bakabaho mu buzima bwiza, ahubwo bahembwaga agashahara gato; k’intica ntikize. Aha,bwana Poisson yahise yumva ko yarimo asabwa ka bitugukwaha kugira ngo isoko ritamucika maze na we ‘ntiyaba umwana’, akora icyo yarimo abwirwa aho, ruswa kandi itubutse arayitanga.
Amaze gupfumbata igifurumba cy’amafaranga ya Poisson mu biganza bye, Lustig yahungiye muri Autriche [Otirishe]. Aha muri Autriche ‘Austria’, nkuko yari yarabigize akamenyero, Lustig yabayeho mu buzima bw’iraha rikomeye ategereje kuzongera gutekera undi muntu umutwe ngo amucucure utwe.
Mu byumweru byakurikiyeho, Lustig yakomeje guhoza ijisho mu binyamakuru byo mu Bufaransa ngo arebe ko yabonamo ay’ubutekamutwe yakoreye kuri Tour Eiffel ariko ntiyagira icyo abona. Yibwiye ko Poisson yari guterwa isoni bikomeye no kuba yaraguye byoroshye mu mutego w’umutekamutwe ku buryo atashoboraga kujya kubibwira abo mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, kandi ni ko byagenze koko; Poisson yararuciye ararumira, aririmba urwo abonye yifashe ku munwa.
Nyuma y’amezi atandatu, Lustig yagarutse i Paris yongera guteka uyu mutwe ku bandi bacuruzi b’ibyuma batanu neza neza nk’uko yari yabikoze bwa mbere. Igitangaje ni uko yongeye kugurisha Eiffel. Icyakora kuri iyi nshuro, aya makuru yageze kuri polisi maze inkuru isakara mu binyamakuru. Aha,Lustig yahise ava mu Burayi yihuse ahungira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
UMUTEKAMITWE MPUZAMAHANGA
Ageze muri Amerika, Lustig yakomeje ubuzima bwe nk’umutekamitwe w’inyaryenge, nk’aho yagurishaga agasanduku k’igitangaza yavugaga ko ngo kashoboraga gukora no gusohora amafaranga y’amiganano ariko nta wabirabukwa. Ndetse yemwe yatekeye umutwe umunyabyaha ruharwa w’i Chicago Al Capone, umutwe urashya.
Aha, Lustig yemeje Capone gushora ibihumbi 50 by’amadolari ya Amerika ($50,000) mu butekamutwe yarimo apanga muri iyo minsi. Lustig yirinze gukora kuri ayo mafaranga mu gihe cy’amezi abiri, nuko asubira kwa Capone amubwirako umupangu we wari waciyemo. Mu gihe Capone yendaga gutera amahane, Lustig yahise amusubiza $50,000 ye ako kanya. Ibi byashimishije cyane Capone ahita aha Lustig igihembo cy’igihumbi cy’amadolari ($1000), ikintu mu by’ukuri Lustig yari agamije ubwo yateguraga ubu bujura.
Icyakora ngo iminsi y’umujura iba ibaze; amaherezo umutekamitwe Lustig yaje gufatwa atabwa muri yombi mu mwaka wa 1936, ashinjwa icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 11 aza no gupfira muri gereza mu 1947.
Mbere y’uko apfa, Lustig yanditse Amategeko Icumi ye agenewe abifuza kuba abatekamitwe b’umwuga n’abandi bose bifuza kubeshwaho n’ubujura bushukana. Ayo mategeko na yo ni ayo:
1. Jya utega amatwi wihanganye ( kwirinda kwihuta mu magambo ni byo bituma umunyamitwe awuteka ugashya neza uwawutekewe akagwa mu mutego nk’inyoni).
2. Ntuzigere ugaragaza ko warambiwe ibiganiro n’uwo watekeye umutwe.
3. Jya utegereza undi abe ari we ukubwira ibitekerezo bye bya politiki, ubundi wemeranye na byo.
4. Jya ureka uwo muganira abe ari we uvuga imyemerere ye mu by’idini, ubundi ube ari yo nawe uvuga ko ari yo yawe.
5. Jya ukurura ikiganiro ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ariko ntukagikomeze uretse igihe mugenzi wawe yerekana ko ashishikajwe na cyo.
6. Ntuzigere uvuga ku by’uburwayi, uretse igihe ubona hari ubyitayeho.
7. Ntukivange mu bibazo by’abandi (bazaba babikwibwirira hanyuma).
8. Ntukiyemere wirarira. Jya ureka akamaro kawe kigaragaze nta cyo uvuze.
9. Ntuzigere na rimwe ugaragaza ikinyabupfura gike
10. Ntuzigere na rimwe usinda.
IRADUKUNDA Fidele Samson
