Ibyo wamenya kuri Truvada, ibinini ‘bikosha’ ariko bikarinda kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1981 hamenyekanye icyorezo cya Sida, abaganga banyuranye n’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi zakomeje kugerageza uburyo cyakumirwa, hakorwa imiti igabanya ubukana, bamwe bakanagerageza gukora n’urukingo rw’agakoko gatera Sida (nubwo kugeza nubu rutarabonka).

Uburyo bwo kwirinda (Prevention) bwagiye bushyirwaho kugeza ubu nibwo buhendutse nubwo kuri ubu hari uburyo nabwo bwo kwirinda kwandura ariko buhenze cyane kurusha ubusanzwe. Ubwo buryo babwita PrEP.
PrEP mu magambo arambuye ni Pre-exposure prophylaxis. Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe gukumira indwara(CDC) gisobanura ko ari uburyo bukoreshwa n’abantu bafite ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera Sida (abafite abo bashakanye banduye, abakorana imibonano n’abantu benshi ,abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina batikingiye,..), bakanywa imiti buri munsi ikabafasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Truvada niwo muti ukoreshwa ufatwa n’umuntu utarandura agakoko gatera Sida kugira ngo yirinde kwandura. Uyu muti ukubiyemo imiti 2 : Tenofovir na Emtricitabine. Ni umuti wakorewe muri Laboratwali y’Abanyamerika Gilead Sciences Inc. yo muri Leta ya California mu mwaka wa 2005.

Muri Nyakanga 2012 uyu muti wemejwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imiti cya FDA( Food and Drug Administration) ko watangira gukoreshwa muri Amerika nk’umuti wafasha abatarandura kwirinda.Urubuga rwandika ku buzima, Webmd rutangaza ko uretse no kurinda abatarandura agakoko gatera Sida, Truvada unafasha abanduye, ikabagabanyiriza ingano ya virus iba itembera mu maraso. Truvada yiyongera ku yindi miti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kurwanya icyorezo cya Sida, irimo ARV (Antiretroviral Drugs) n’iyindi.

Uburyo bwa PrEP ni urukingo rw’agakoko gatera Sida?

Sinshidikanya ko nawe iki kibazo ucyibaza ariko igisubizo cyacyo ni Oya. Ubusanzwe urukingo rwigisha umubiri uburyo wahangana n’ubwandu mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi. Umuntu ukoresha uburyo bwa PrEP we aba asabwa kunywa ikinini cya Truvada buri munsi, ukwezi kose. Ukoresha ubu buryo buri munsi, umuti uba uri mu maraso ye niwo ubuza agakoko gatera Sida kwinjira no gukwirakwira mu mubiri. Iyo umuntu adakoresheje uburyo bwa PrEP buri munsi, umuti uba uri mu maraso ye ntuba uhagije kuba wabasha kubuza agakoko ka HIV kwinjira mu mubiri.

Ninde ukoresha ubu buryo bwa PrEP?

Nkuko twabibonye haruguru umuntu wese uziko afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera Sida, niwe ukoresha ubu buryo. Uwashakanye n’umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera Sida nyamara we ari muzima, bakaba bageze igihe cyo kwibaruka umwana, na we yegera umuganga akamusaba ko yamutangiza uburyo bwa PrEp.

PrEp yizewe ku kigero kingana gute kuba yarinda umuntu kwandura VIH?

Ubushakashatsi bunyuranye bwagaragaje ko PrEp ifite uruhare runini mu kirinda kwandura agakoko ka HIV. Nk’uko Businessinsider ibitangaza, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abakoresha uburyo bwa PrEP baba bafite amahirwe ari hagati ya 92-99% yo kutandura bitewe n’umubare w’ibinini bya Truvada banywa buri cyumweru kandi bigakoreshwa nk’uko muganga yabibasobanuriye. Kugira ngo PrEP itangire kugira ubudahangarwa bwuzuye(maximum protection), bisaba ko umuntu amara nibura iminsi 20 yikurikiranya anywa ibinini bya Truvada.

Gusa ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe gukumira indwara(CDC) gikomeza gitangaza ko ukoresha uburyo bwa PrEP bidakuraho ko yakoresha agakingirizo kuko ubu buryo budakingira izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Iki kigo kinongeraho ko nubwo PrEP igabanya ibyago byo kwandura, ngo iyo ikoreshejwe hakongerwaho n’ubundi buryo busanzwe nk’agakingirizo, amahirwe yo kutandura nibwo yiyongera kurushaho.Ibinini bya Truvada ‘birakosha’, kugeza ubu Norvege niyo ibiha abaturage bayo ku buntu.

Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Businessinsider cyabitangaje mu nkuru cyahaye umutwe ugira uti ‘Norway just became the first country to offer the leading HIV prevention drug for free’ yo ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2016, igihugu cya Norvege nicyo kugeza ubu ku isi gitanga ku buntu ibinini bya Truvada ku baturage bacyo mu rwego rwo kwirinda kwandura agakoko gatera Sida. Ibi bikubiye mu itangazo ryatanzwe na Bent Høie, Minisitiri w’Ubuzima .

Norvege yiyongereye ku bihugu bisanzwe bikoresha ubu buryo mu buryo bwo kirinda (Prevention) nk’Ubufaransa, Canada, Afurika y’Epfo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nubwo Norvege yo ibaye iya mbere izajya igenera abaturage bayo iyi miti ku buntu. Iki gihugu cyakoresheje imbaraga mu myaka 2 ishize ngo kibashe gufasha abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Abo ni abatinganyi ndetse n’abagabo bihinduje ibitsina (trans women). Leif-Ove Hansen ushinzwe ishami ryo kurwanya agakoko gatera Sida muri Norvege avuga ko ubu buryo buzafasha kugabanya umubare w’abatinganyi bandura kuko aribo bafite umubare munini w’abandura kurusha abantu basanzwe.

Mu bindi bihugu birimo Porogaramu ya PrEP, ibiciro by’ibinini bya Truvada bigenda bitandukana. Nko muri Amerika ku muntu udafite ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bumwishingira,Businesinsider itangaza ko asabwa nibura $24.000 ku mwaka mu kugura iyi miti. Ni ukuvuga ko atanga angana n’asaga miliyoni makumyabiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda(20.160.000 FRW) ku mwaka.
Muri 2015 abanduye agakoko gatera Sida bari miliyoni 2.1, bituma kugeza ubu ku isi hose abamaze kwandura ari miliyoni 36.7.

Mu Rwanda byifashe gute?

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda uburyo bwa PrEP ntiburatangira gukoreshwa ariko hakoreshwa ubundi buryo bwa PEP(Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). Ubusanzwe bisaba iminsi runaka kugira ngo HIV ikwire mu mubiri wose. Iyo umuntu akoresheje uburyo bwa PEP nibura mu gihe cy’amasaha 72 akoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye kandi akaba akeka ko yanduye, ubu buryo buhagarika HIV kuba yakwira umubiri wose.

Mu kiganiro rwandamagazine.com yagiranye n’umwe mu baganga bakuru b’ibitaro bikomeye mu Rwanda utashatse ko dutangaza amazina ye, tumubajije niba ubu buryo buboneka kuburyo bworoshye kuri buri wese ubukeneye, yagize ati “ Yego ubwo buryo buraboneka haba mu bitaro bikuru no ku bigo nderabuzima, ntabwo buhenze cyane. Bukoreshwa n’ukeka ko yaba yanduye agakoko gatera Sida, yaba uwakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, akaba akeka ko yanduye cyangwa se abaganga bagira nk’impanduka yo kwitera inshinge ziriho ubwandu.

Yunzemo ati “ Biba byiza iyo bukoreshejwe mbere y’amasaha 72 ariko nanone sibyiza kubikangurira abantu kuko aribyo bajya bashidukira aho kwirinda gukora imibonano mpuzabitsinda idakingiye kuko PEP yo ikoreshwa muri emergency situations gusa.”

Ukoresheje uburyo ba PEP wese ntabwo yandura HIV?

Nk’uko urubuga WEbmd rubitangaza, uburyo bwa PEP iyo bukoreshejwe neza burinda kwandura HIV ku rugero rwa 80%. Ariko nanone abashakashatsi bemeje ko PEP idakora neza igihe cyose kuko hari n’abakoresha ubu buryo ntibibabuze kwandura HIV.

Kugira ngo PEP ntikore neza biterwa:

 N’uko uwayikoresheje yarenze ku mabwiriza yahawe na muganga:gufatira imiti ku gihe kandi mu gihe cyagenwe na muganga(kuko ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu gihe kingana n’iminsi igera kuri 28). Webmd itangaza ko byibuze abantu 57% aribo bakurikiza amabwiriza baba bahawe.
 Biterwa n’uko urugero rwa HIV ruba ruri mu mubiri ruba ari rwinshi kuburyo byagora imiti kubasha kuyica burundu.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kugira ngo PEP ikore neza ari uko ikoreshwa mu gihe gito gishoboka nyuma y’uko ukeka ko yanduye HIV abikenze(the sooner PEP treatment is begun after exposure to the virus, the more likely it is to work.) Ukoresha ubu buryo kandi anagirwa inama y’uko mu gihe agiye kongera gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina kandi atararangiza imiti ya PEP, ko agomba gukoresha agakingirizo kugira ngo atiyongerera ibyago byo kuba yakwandura cyangwa se akaba yakwanduza mugenzi we.

Niba ushaka kuduha ingingo y’inkuru wumva twazandikaho mu minsi iri imbere, watwandikira kuri [email protected]

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